天然林疫病菌與腐霉菌的調查及影響評估 (3/3)Investigation and effect assay of Phytophthora and Pythium in natural forests(3/3)

自東部三個山區(花蓮太魯閣山區、花蓮玉里山區及台東海端山區）採取相關土壤，以土壤誘釣法分離疫病菌及腐霉菌，獲得60多株疫病菌及80多株腐霉菌，己鑑定的疫病菌有3種：Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. cryptogea及P. katsurae；腐霉菌有15種：Pythium deliense, P. oligandrum, P. splendens, P. spinosum, P.ultimum, P. gracile, P. aphanidermatum, P.carolinianum, p. helivandrum和P. vexans及5種Pythium spp.。另外本計畫也配合德國學者Dr.Jung調查以殼斗科為主的疫病菌，經由型態及DNA分析，初步獲得6個Phytophthora新種。在疫病菌以P.cinnamomi的分離株最多，共有46株，經測試其配對型，及A1與A2分別為24及22株型接近1:1。
Soil samples were collected from three nature forests in soil baiting method was used to isolate Phytophthora and Pythium. More than sixty Phytophthora and eighty Pythium isolates were isolated from those soil samples. Three species of Phytophthora including P. cinnamomi, P.katsurae, P. cryptogea has been identified; Fifteen species of Pythium including P. splendens, P. spinosum, P. ultium, P. vexans, P. gracile, P.aphanidermatum, P. carolinianum, P. helicandram, P. deliense and P.oligandrum and five Pythium spp. have been identified. P. cinnamomi was the most dominant species in Phytophthora. The 46 isolates of P.cinnamomi were used to test their mating types. A1 and A2 mating types were 24 and 22 isolates, respectively, that the ratio is about 1:1.

本研究从东部三处山区（花莲太鲁阁山区、花莲玉里山区及台东海端山区）采集土壤样本，采用土壤诱饵法（soil baiting method）分离疫霉属真菌（Phytophthora）与腐霉属真菌（Pythium）。从上述土壤样本中共分离得到60余株疫霉属菌株及80余株腐霉属菌株。经鉴定的疫霉属真菌共3种：樟疫霉（Phytophthora cinnamomi）、隐秘疫霉（Phytophthora cryptogea）以及桂树疫霉（Phytophthora katsurae）；腐霉属真菌共15种：德里腐霉（Pythium deliense）、寡雄腐霉（Pythium oligandrum）、华丽腐霉（Pythium splendens）、棘腐霉（Pythium spinosum）、终极腐霉（Pythium ultimum）、细腐霉（Pythium gracile）、瓜果腐霉（Pythium aphanidermatum）、卡罗林腐霉（Pythium carolinianum）、螺旋腐霉（Pythium helicandrum）、茄腐霉（Pythium vexans），以及5种未定名腐霉属物种（Pythium spp.）。此外本计划还配合德国荣格博士（Dr. Jung）开展以壳斗科植物为宿主的疫霉属真菌调查，通过形态学与DNA分子分析，初步获得6个疫霉属新种。在分离得到的疫霉属菌株中，樟疫霉（P. cinnamomi）为优势类群，共计46株。对该46株樟疫霉进行交配型测定，结果显示A1、A2两种交配型菌株数量分别为24株与22株，比例接近1:1。