CONSUMPTION OF MINIMALLY PROCESSED AND ULTRA-PROCESSED FOODS AMONG STUDENTS FROM PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare and analyze the consumption of minimally processed and ultra-processed foods among students from public and private schools. Methods: Study conducted in Uberlândia, MG, with fifth-grade students from three private and six public schools, selected by stratified cluster sampling. We collected data on food consumption using the 24-hour recall. Foods were classified into four groups (G) according to extent and purpose of processing: fresh/minimally processed foods (G1) culinary ingredients (G2), processed foods (G3), and ultra-processed foods (G4). Total energy intake (kcal) of each group, amount of sugar (g), sodium (mg), and fiber (g) were quantified and compared according to administrative affiliation (private or public). Results: Percentage of total energy intake was: G1 - 52%; G2 - 12%; G3 - 5%; e G4 - 31%. Energy intake from G1 (53 vs. 47%), G2 (12 vs. 9%), and G3 (6.0 vs. 0.1%), and amount of sodium (3,293 vs. 2,724 mg) and fiber (23 vs. 18 g) were higher among students from public schools. Energy intake from G4 (36 vs. 28%) and amount of sugar (20 vs. 14%) were higher among students from private schools. The consumption of foods from G1 in the school environment was higher among students from public schools (40 vs. 9%). Conclusions: Foods from G1 represent the highest percentage of total energy intake, while those from G4 constitute a third of calories consumed. Processed juice, sandwich cookie, processed cake, and breakfast cereals are more frequent among private school students; snacks and juice powder are more common for students from public schools.

摘要 研究目的：对比分析公立与私立学校学生的轻度加工食品（minimally processed foods）与超加工食品（ultra-processed foods）的膳食摄入情况。
研究方法：本研究在巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州乌贝兰迪亚开展，采用分层整群抽样（stratified cluster sampling）法选取3所私立学校与6所公立学校的五年级学生作为研究对象。采用24小时膳食回顾法（24-hour recall）收集膳食摄入数据。根据食品的加工程度与用途将其分为四组（G）：新鲜/轻度加工食品（G1）、烹饪原料（G2）、加工食品（G3）与超加工食品（G4）。随后量化并对比不同行政归属（公立或私立）的学生各食品组的总能量摄入量（千卡）、糖（克）、钠（毫克）与膳食纤维（克）摄入量。
研究结果：总能量摄入占比分别为：G1：52%；G2：12%；G3：5%；G4：31%。公立学校学生的G1类食品能量摄入占比为53%，高于私立学校学生的47%；G2类为12%相较于9%；G3类为6.0%相较于0.1%；同时其钠摄入量为3293毫克相较于2724毫克，膳食纤维摄入量为23克相较于18克，上述指标均高于私立学校学生。而私立学校学生的G4类食品能量摄入占比为36%相较于28%，糖摄入量为20克相较于14克，上述指标更高。公立学校学生在校园环境中的G1类食品摄入量更高，占比为40%相较于私立学校学生的9%。
研究结论：G1类食品占总能量摄入的比例最高，而G4类食品占总摄入热量的三分之一。私立学校学生更常摄入加工果汁、夹心饼干、加工糕点与早餐谷物食品；而公立学校学生则更常食用零食与果汁粉。