The effects of greenhouse cultivation on the rhizosphere soil properties and microbial community characteristics of Fritillaria taipaiensis

The roles of F. taibaiensis rhizosphere microbiota in soil nutrient activation, plant nutrient absorption, and soil-borne disease occurrence were analysed under greenhouse and field conditions, providing a scientific basis for guiding Fritillaria cultivation practices and controlling soil-borne diseases. The results revealed that the pH, available potassium content, sucrase activity, catalase activity, acid phosphatase activity diversity, evenness, and richness indices of the soil bacterial and fungal communities were significantly higher in the greenhouse than in the field (P<0.05). The abundance of bacteria such as Candidatus_Solibacter and Nitrospira (related to soil nutrient transformation) and fungi such as Alternaria (potentially pathogenic fungi) in the greenhouse rhizosphere was significantly greater than that in the field (P<0.05), whereas the abundance of bacteria such as Pseudolabrys and Rhodanobacter (which degrade residual pesticides) in the greenhouse rhizosphere was significantly lower than that in the field (P<0.05). Functional prediction analysis revealed that the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi, such as bacteria-associated functional groups and ectomycorrhizal fungi related to nitrogen cycling, was greater in greenhouse soil (P<0.05), whereas bacterial functional groups, such as those involved in chemoheterotrophy and fermentation, were more abundant in field soil (P<0.05). In summary, under greenhouse conditions, the nutrient content and enzyme activity of F. taipaiensis rhizosphere soil were higher and the microbial community was richer than those under field conditions. A uniform distribution of species is conducive to the stability and balance of rhizosphere microecosystems.