Citrus Cannery Waste, Its Use and Disposition

Excerpts: This publication is an attempt to bring together in a rather informal manner, published information relative to citrus cannery waste utilization. The use of the waste as a feed has been given considerable space, not only because here, perhaps, is the greatest potential market, but also because published information pertaining to the use of the waste as a feed is widely scattered through the literature. The historical aspect has in some cases been given in some detail, for it is believed that it may prove to be useful background material for those desiring to make a further evaluation of the problem. From 55 to 60% of bulk citrus fruits remain as peel, rag and seeds after processing for juice, concentrates, sections, etc. This waste probably amounts at present to 2.5 million tons annually in the citrus processing regions of the United States. Besides this solid waste, there are over 4 billion gallons of liquid effluents varying in B.O.D. from about 100 to 65,000 p.p.m. These liquid effluents consist of wash water from processing plants, cooling water, floor drippings, exhaust box overflow, press juice, etc. As processing increases, these wastes will increase. Means must be found to either utilize them for the profit of the farmer and processor, or to dispose of them so that they will not constitute a public health nuisance. Much has already been done in utilizing this waste, but considerable remains to be accomplished.

节选：本出版物以较为非正式的形式，汇总了与柑橘罐头厂废弃物资源化利用相关的已公开研究资料。其中关于废弃物用作饲料的内容占据了较大篇幅，这不仅是因为该方向或许是废弃物最具潜力的应用市场，同时也因为相关公开研究资料在现有文献中分布极为分散。部分内容对该领域的历史沿革进行了较为详细的阐述，因为我们认为，这些内容可为后续希望对该问题开展进一步评估的研究者提供有价值的背景资料。在用于加工果汁、浓缩汁、果肉瓣等产品后，散装柑橘果实中55%至60%的部分会以果皮、囊衣及种子的形式成为废弃物。目前，美国柑橘加工产区每年产生的此类废弃物总量约达250万吨。除上述固体废弃物外，还存在超过40亿加仑的液态废水，其生化需氧量（Biochemical Oxygen Demand, BOD）值介于约100至65000 ppm之间。此类液态废水包括加工厂清洗废水、冷却水、车间地面径流、排气箱溢流水、压榨汁等。随着加工规模扩大，此类废弃物的排放量也将随之增长。因此，必须找到可行方案，要么对废弃物进行资源化利用以实现种植户与加工企业的收益，要么对其进行妥善处置，避免其对公众健康造成危害。目前，该类废弃物的资源化利用已取得不少进展，但仍有大量工作有待完成。