The best-fitting (lowest AICc) generalized linear mixed effects models for the relationship between species richness and area for all species, for different taxonomic groups and for eight traits considered separately.

Taxonomic group was included as a random factor to control for possible taxonomic dependence. When the interaction of area and trait was significant at P2, deviance-ratio based on the coefficient of determination (pseudo R2); D2 for taxonomic group was not available (NA) because taxonomic group was included as a random factor. ns = not significant.a– reference trait states for which P-values for test of differences from zero are provided.