Diversity of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha) in ten varieties of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) in Southern Brazil

Abstract Olive production (Olea europaea L.) is a recent activity in Brazil and studies on the adaptability of olive trees varieties in the States are required. One of the problems that can hamper the development of olive trees is the incidence of pests, such as scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha). In this study, the associated scale insect species were found in ten varieties in an olive grove located at the Research Center of the Serra do Sudeste Region (30º33’15”S, 52º23’45”W) in Brazil. The surveys were carried out twice in each season (2013-2014). Six species of armored scale insect (Diaspididae) and two soft scales (Coccidae) were determined. Saissetia oleae (Coccidae) with 88.15% and Aspidiotus nerii (Diaspididae) with 5.85% occurred in all varieties of olive trees. The varieties Arbequina, Frantoio and Cipressino were with greater richness of scale insects, the highest values of diversity occurred in Frantoio, Arbequina and Picual; in Alfafara, Arbosana and Coratina there was a high dominance of one species (S. oleae).

摘要：油橄榄（Olea europaea L.）生产在巴西属于新兴产业，针对巴西各州橄榄品种适应性开展相关研究实属必要。阻碍橄榄产业发展的问题之一，便是介壳虫（Hemiptera, Coccomorpha）类害虫的发生为害。本研究于巴西塞拉杜苏德塞斯塔地区研究中心（南纬30°33’15″，西经52°23’45″）的一处橄榄园中，对10个橄榄品种的伴生介壳虫物种展开调查。调查于2013至2014年的每个季节开展两次。经鉴定，共发现6种盾蚧（Diaspididae）与2种软蚧（Coccidae）。其中，油榄黑盔蚧（Saissetia oleae, Coccidae）在所有供试橄榄品种中的占比为88.15%，夹竹桃圆蚧（Aspidiotus nerii, Diaspididae）占比为5.85%，二者均在所有供试品种中均有分布。阿尔贝吉纳（Arbequina）、法兰托伊奥（Frantoio）与奇普雷西诺（Cipressino）三个品种的介壳虫物种丰富度较高；法兰托伊奥、阿尔贝吉纳以及皮夸尔（Picual）的介壳虫多样性指数最高；而阿尔法法拉（Alfafara）、阿尔博萨纳（Arbosana）与科拉蒂纳（Coratina）三个品种中，油榄黑盔蚧（S. oleae）呈现出极高的优势度。