Politbarometer 1981 (Cumulated Data Set)

The Politbarometer has been conducted since 1977 on an almost monthly basis by the Forschungsgruppe Wahlen on behalf of the Second German Television (ZDF). Since 1990, this database has also been available for the new German states. The survey focuses on the opinions and attitudes of the voting-age population in the Federal Republic on current political issues, parties, politicians, and voting behavior. From 1990 to 1995 and from 1999 onward, the Politbarometer surveys were conducted separately both in the newly formed eastern and in the western German states (Politbarometer East and Politbarometer West). The separate monthly surveys of a year are integrated into a cumulative data set that includes all surveys of a year and all variables of the respective year. Starting in 2003, the Politbarometer short surveys, collected with varying frequency throughout the year, are integrated into the annual cumulation.<br>Party preference (Sunday question and rank order procedure);
party inclination and party identification; behavior at the polls in
the last Federal Parliament election; sympathy scale for the parties,
coalition, opposition and selected federal politicians; union
membership; religiousness; description of residential surroundings;
city size.

Beyond the description part, identical for all survey months of this
year, the following questions were also posed in at least one survey
month: satisfaction with democracy; right people in leading positions;
judgement on current and future economic situation of the country as
well as individual situation; interest in politics; current coalition
preference and coalition preference before the last Federal Parliament
election; desired coalition change of the FDP; expected winner in the
state parliament election in Berlin; preference for federal chancellor;
attitude to a coalition dissolution, even before the end of the
legislative period; significance of the governing party for one´s own
economic situation; general unemployment as temporary economic problem;
comparison of the economic situation of the country with the situation
in other EC nations; attitude to a reduction in number of foreign
workers; attitude to an allocation of empty private dwellings by the
authorities; attitude to building occupations; toleration of building
occupations with renovation by the occupiers; residential status;
preferred action by police and judiciary to deal with demonstrations in
connection with building occupations; judgement on the level of payment
of social security in the area of unemployment benefit, child
allowance, welfare, housing benefit as well as compulsory retirement
program and health insurance; preference for higher contributions or
reduction in payment, in order to be able to pay the costs of social
security; defense, foreign aid, social services, housing construction,
public transportation, agriculture, the EC, civil service or science
and research as preferred areas for government economies (the list of
economy recommendations asked was varied in different months);
preference for a greater tax burden for those with higher incomes;
preference for government employment programs to create jobs; preferred
sources of financing for such governmental measures; readiness for
personal sacrifices to eliminate unemployment; type of personal
contribution; dependence of the extent of unemployment on the party
governing at the time; government most able to solve unemployment and
financial problems of the Federal Budget; attitude to reduction in
social services in the Federal Budget 1982; attitude to variety of
opinions within the SPD and jeopardy to the government coalition
resulting from it; desire that the FDP hold to the coalition during
continuing inner-party conflicts in the SPD, given a hypothetical
resignation of Federal Chancellor Schmidt, with lack of unity about the
Federal Budget as well as with continuing basic political differences
of opinion with the coalition partner; preference for immediate new
elections in case of a coalition change by the FDP; party preference;
attitude to arms trade with countries outside of NATO; attitude to the
sale of tanks to Saudi Arabia; sale of tanks in return for a guarantee
of oil supply and against protests from Israel; assessment of the
military balance of power between East and West; perceived military
threat; preferred conduct of the West on questions of disarmament;
judgement on current German-American relations and perceived change
since assumption of office by President Reagan; judgement on the
decision of the American President to construct the neutron bomb and
desire for a NATO decision on this weapon; agreement with stationing
the neutron weapon on German territory; desired orientation of the
Federal Republic in important political questions for the USA;
judgement on security of peace in Europe; necessity of a peace
movement; willingness to participate in a peaceful demonstration for
peace; parties close to the peace movement; judgement on German-Soviet
relations and desire for an increased expansion of the relation with
the Soviet Union; reliability of the Soviet Union as economic partner;
celebratiing carneval; attending public carneval events or private
celebration; possession of a vehicle; reaction to continual increase in
the cost of driving a car; gasoline price threshold; attitude to
quickly using the familiar form of address; planned vacation trip and
country to be visited on vacation; reading horoscopes and belief in
horoscopes; attitude to a day without broadcasts by television
stations; general attitude to award of medals and personal interest in
a medal; reading the Bild newspaper; frequency of reading and
particularly preferred categories of the Bild newspaper; reading
selected daily newspapers.

政治晴雨表（Politbarometer）自1977年起由德国选举研究小组（Forschungsgruppe Wahlen）受德国第二电视台（Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen, ZDF）委托，几乎每月开展一次调查。自1990年起，该数据库也面向德国新联邦州开放。本次调查聚焦德意志联邦共和国适龄投票群体对当前政治议题、政党、政客及投票行为的观点与态度。

1990年至1995年以及1999年之后，政治晴雨表调查分别在新成立的德国东部与西部各州独立开展（分为东部政治晴雨表与西部政治晴雨表）。某一年度各月的独立月度调查会被整合为年度累积数据集，涵盖该年度所有调查及对应年度的全部变量。2003年起，全年以不同频次开展的政治晴雨表简短调查也会被纳入年度累积统计。

本次调查包含各月度调查通用的固定问题，具体包括：政党偏好（周日议题与排序法）、政党倾向与政党认同、上次联邦议会选举的投票行为、政党、执政联盟、反对党及特定联邦政客的好感度评分、工会会员身份、宗教信仰情况、居住环境描述、城市规模。

除上述适用于本年度所有调查月份的通用问题外，至少在一个调查月中还设置了以下议题：对民主的满意度、执政人选是否恰当、对国家当前与未来经济形势及个人经济状况的评价、政治兴趣、当前执政联盟偏好与上次联邦议会选举前的执政联盟偏好、自由民主党（Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP）期望的联盟变动、柏林州议会选举的预期获胜者、联邦总理人选偏好、对即使在立法任期内也可解散执政联盟的态度、执政党对个人经济状况的影响程度、将普遍失业视为临时性经济问题、将本国经济状况与其他欧共体（European Community, EC）国家进行比较、对减少外籍劳工数量的态度、对当局分配空置私人住宅的态度、对占屋行为的态度、对占屋者翻新房屋的占屋行为的容忍度、居住状况、警方与司法机关处理与占屋相关示威活动的首选举措、对失业救济金、儿童津贴、福利金、住房补贴以及强制退休计划和健康保险领域社会保障缴费水平的评价、为承担社会保障成本而偏好提高缴费还是降低缴费、将国防、对外援助、社会服务、住房建设、公共交通、农业、欧共体事务、公务员体系或科研作为政府财政紧缩的优先领域（不同月份的财政紧缩建议清单有所调整）、对高收入群体征收更高税负的偏好、政府创造就业岗位的就业计划偏好、此类政府举措的首选融资来源、为消除失业愿意做出个人牺牲的意愿、个人牺牲的类型、失业程度是否取决于当时执政的政党、最能解决失业问题与联邦预算财政问题的政府、1982年对联邦预算削减社会服务的态度、对德国社会民主党（Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD）内部意见分歧及其对执政联盟构成威胁的看法、假设联邦总理施密特辞职、联邦预算缺乏共识且与联合执政伙伴存在持续的基本政治分歧时，期望自由民主党（FDP）在德国社会民主党持续党内冲突期间仍坚守执政联盟、对自由民主党（FDP）引发执政联盟变动后立即举行新选举的偏好、政党偏好、对与北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO）以外国家开展军火贸易的态度、对向沙特阿拉伯出售坦克的态度、以保障石油供应为条件向沙特出售坦克且不顾以色列抗议的态度、对东西方军事力量平衡的评估、感知到的军事威胁、西方在裁军问题上的首选立场、对当前美德关系及里根总统就职以来的变化的评价、对美国总统建造中子弹的决定的评价以及对北约（NATO）就该武器做出决定的期望、同意在德国领土部署中子弹、联邦共和国在对美国重要的政治问题上的期望立场、对欧洲和平安全的评价、和平运动的必要性、愿意参与和平示威活动、与和平运动关系密切的政党、对德苏关系的评价以及期望进一步扩大与苏联的关系、苏联作为经济伙伴的可靠性、庆祝狂欢节、参与公共狂欢节活动或私人庆祝活动、拥有车辆、对持续上涨的驾车成本的反应、汽油价格临界点、对快速使用熟人称谓的态度、计划中的度假旅行及目的地、阅读星座运势与对星座运势的信任、对电视台停播一日的态度、对授予勋章的总体态度及个人对勋章的兴趣、阅读《图片报》（Bild）、阅读《图片报》的频率及特别偏好的版面类别、阅读特定日报。