Complete ERA5 global atmospheric reanalysis 1940 to present

ERA5 (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis) is the fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate covering the period from January 1940 to present. It is produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) at ECMWF and provides hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land and oceanic climate variables. The data cover the Earth on a 31 kilometer (km) grid and resolve the atmosphere using 137 levels from the surface up to a height of 80 km. ERA5 includes an ensemble component at half the resolution to provide information on synoptic uncertainty of its products. ERA5.1 is a dedicated product with the same horizontal and vertical resolution that was produced for the years 2000 to 2006 inclusive to significantly improve a discontinuity in global-mean temperature in the stratosphere and uppermost troposphere that ERA5 suffers from during that period. Users that are interested in this part of the atmosphere in this era are advised to access ERA5.1 rather than ERA5. ERA5 and ERA5.1 use a state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction model to assimilate a variety of observations, including satellite and ground-based measurements, and produces a comprehensive and consistent view of the Earth's atmosphere. These products are widely used by researchers and practitioners in various fields, including climate science, weather forecasting, energy production and machine learning among others, to understand and analyse past and current weather and climate conditions.

ERA5（欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）再分析数据集）是欧洲中期天气预报中心推出的第五代全球大气再分析产品，覆盖时段为1940年1月至今。该数据集由ECMWF下属的哥白尼气候变化服务局（Copernicus Climate Change Service, C3S）制作完成，可提供海量大气、陆地与海洋气候变量的逐小时估算值。其数据以31千米（km）的网格覆盖全球，采用137层垂直分层对大气进行解析，分层范围从地表一直延伸至80千米高度。ERA5包含分辨率为其一半的集合分量，用于提供其产品的天气尺度不确定性相关信息。ERA5.1是一款专用产品，拥有与ERA5相同的水平与垂直分辨率，制作时段为2000年至2006年（含首尾年份），旨在显著改善ERA5在该时段内平流层与对流层顶层全球平均温度存在的不连续问题。针对该时段该层大气开展研究的用户，建议优先使用ERA5.1而非ERA5。ERA5与ERA5.1均采用当前领先的数值天气预报模型，对包括卫星与地面观测在内的多类观测数据进行同化处理，从而构建出全面且一致的地球大气状态视图。此类产品已被气候科学、天气预报、能源生产、机器学习等众多领域的研究人员与从业者广泛应用，用于理解与分析过往及当前的天气与气候状况。