Esplosioni nucleari, bombe incendiarie e castelli erranti. Gli Anime giapponesi e gli orrori della guerra = Nuclear explosions, incendiary bombs and wandering castles. Japanese animation (Anime) and the horrors of war

The atomic bombs of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the defeat in World War II are traumas that have marked the collective consciousness and the imagination of Japan. Since the post-war period, the Japanese cultural industry has produced many products dedicated to these events. This paper focuses on the analysis of some Japanese anime that have addressed the theme of war. This typical Japanese medium is a vehicle for cultural transmission and a useful tool for historical and social analysis. In this paper, the anime are questioned focusing on the objective of detecting the elements that have characterized the representations of the war theme. To the synopsis of the films, then, is added the detection of aspects that characterized the narrative of the war. The analysis of ten animated movies reveals the attention given to technology, pacifism and relationships within "atypical" families. Anime are suitable cultural products to be at the centre of a series of intellectual studies" (Napier 2000, p. 118), because they are historical documents; agents of social change, because of their capacity to (re)define the imaginary; they are useful cultural products for sociological analysis because they are valuable documents of complex phenomena and tell the reality and its relational practices, even if through the distorting mirror of the cartoon.

广岛与长崎原子弹爆炸，以及二战战败，是烙印在日本集体意识与民族想象中的创伤记忆。自战后以来，日本文化产业已推出诸多聚焦此类历史事件的文化作品。本文聚焦于剖析部分以战争为主题的日本动画（anime）。这种极具日本特色的媒介，既是文化传承的载体，亦是开展历史与社会分析的有效工具。本文针对此类动画展开研究，核心目标是挖掘战争主题叙事中具有代表性的核心要素。在梳理作品剧情梗概的基础上，本文还将对战争主题叙事的典型特征展开剖析。通过对十部动画长片的分析，本研究发现此类作品普遍聚焦三大主题：科技、和平主义，以及"非典型"家庭内部的人际关系。正如纳皮尔（Napier）2000年第118页所言："动画是适合作为系列学术研究核心议题的文化产品"——因其本身即为历史文献；亦是推动社会变革的媒介，凭借其重构民族想象的能力；同时亦是开展社会学分析的优质文化载体，因其可作为复杂社会现象的珍贵史料，即便以动画的扭曲镜像为媒介，亦能如实展现社会现实与人际互动模式。