Valoracao Economica dos Efeitos lnternos da Erosao: lmpactos da Producao de Soja no Cerrado Piauiense

Abstract: The present article aimed to measure the economic costs of the domestic production soybean area in the cerrado (one type of vegetation in Brazil) of Piaui, in the systems of conventional and tillage, caused by the process of erosion in the 2000/2001 and 2007/2008 seasons. It analyzes the historical process of international integration of the Brazilian economy through the primary-exporting model, emphasizing the intensive use of natural resources as factor of competitiveness, characterized by the occupation and use of Brazilian cerrado and based on the soybean production and examined the consequences and risks to the biome arising from that process. The methodological procedure focused on the literature review and statistical from secondary data and the application of the replacement cost of nutrients method, to verify the economic impact of soil degradation in the region. Through the research, it was found that in both periods of crop and planting systems analyzed, costs of replacement were significant, representing, on average, 2.9 percent of the total soybean production. In the 2000/2001 season, the cost per hectare was 22.96 reais and 21.93 reais for conventional tillage and direct planting, respectively. While in the 2007/2008 crop, harvest costs were 22.40 reais and 21.20 reais, respectively. Therefore, this configuration explained the relative stability of the value of the loss of land during the period under review, once having presented low decrease in the 2007/2008 season. Therefore, it is inferred that the use of the system of tillage in the soybean planting in the cerrado of Piaui not only has economic advantages, but above all, has contributed to the sustainability of the agro ecosystem.

摘要：本文旨在测算2000/2001与2007/2008两个种植季，巴西皮奥伊州塞拉多（Cerrado，巴西特有稀树草原植被）区域内，传统耕作（conventional tillage）与免耕直播（direct planting）种植体系下，由土壤侵蚀过程引发的大豆种植区经济成本。本文以初级产品出口模式为分析视角，剖析巴西经济融入国际体系的历史进程，重点探讨以自然资源高强度利用作为竞争力核心的发展路径——该路径以巴西塞拉多的开发与利用为特征，以大豆生产为基础，并考察了这一进程给该生物群落带来的影响与潜在风险。本研究的方法学流程以文献综述与二手数据统计分析为基础，同时采用养分重置成本法，以评估该区域土壤退化带来的经济影响。研究结果显示，在所分析的两个种植季与两种种植体系中，土壤退化的重置成本均十分显著，平均占大豆总产值的2.9%。在2000/2001种植季，传统耕作与免耕直播体系的每公顷重置成本分别为22.96雷亚尔与21.93雷亚尔；而在2007/2008种植季，二者的每公顷重置成本分别为22.40雷亚尔与21.20雷亚尔。综上，这一情况解释了本研究考察期内土壤退化损失价值的相对稳定性——2007/2008季仅出现小幅下降。据此可以推断，在皮奥伊州塞拉多地区的大豆种植中采用免耕直播体系，不仅具备经济优势，更重要的是，有助于农业生态系统的可持续性。