Data from: Landscape structure and the genetic effects of a population collapse

AbstractBoth landscape structure and population size fluctuations influence population genetics. While independent effects of these factors on genetic patterns and processes are well studied, a key challenge is to understand their interaction, as populations are simultaneously exposed to habitat fragmentation and climatic changes that increase variability in population size. In a population network of an alpine butterfly, abundance declined 60–100% in 2003 because of low over-winter survival. Across the network, mean microsatellite genetic diversity did not change. However, patch connectivity and local severity of the collapse interacted to determine allelic richness change within populations, indicating that patch connectivity can mediate genetic response to a demographic collapse. The collapse strongly affected spatial genetic structure, leading to a breakdown of isolation-by-distance and loss of landscape genetic pattern. Our study reveals important interactions between landscape structure and temporal demographic variability on the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of populations. Projected future changes to both landscape and climate may lead to loss of genetic variability from the studied populations, and selection acting on adaptive variation will likely occur within the context of an increasing influence of genetic drift., Usage notesDryadData_MatricesData matrices containing: 1. pairwise Fst scores for all 13 populations. 2. geographic distances between each population according to whether the distance occurs over forest or meadow habitat, the sum of which is the total distance. 3. movement indices for individuals before the demographic crash and after.PreCollapseGENEPOP_UpdateGenotypic data for 7 microsatelite loci from individuals collected prior to the demographic collapse.PostCollapseGENEPOP_UpdateGenotypic data from 7 microsatelite loci from individuals collected after the demographic collapse.

**摘要** 景观结构与种群数量波动均会对种群遗传学产生影响。尽管学界已对这两类因素各自对遗传模式与遗传过程的影响开展了充分研究，但理解二者的交互作用仍是核心挑战——因为种群同时面临生境破碎化与气候变化的双重压力，而后者会加剧种群数量的波动幅度。本研究以一种高山蝴蝶的种群网络为研究对象，2003年该种群因越冬存活率偏低，种群个体数量下降了60%至100%。研究区域整体的微卫星（microsatellite）遗传多样性均值未发生显著变化。但斑块连通性与种群衰退的局部严重程度存在交互作用，共同决定了种群内的等位基因丰富度变化，这表明斑块连通性可调节种群在数量衰退过程中的遗传响应。此次种群衰退还对空间遗传结构产生了强烈影响，打破了距离衰减隔离（isolation-by-distance）模式，并导致景观遗传特征的丢失。本研究揭示了景观结构与时间尺度上的种群数量波动之间的重要交互作用，二者共同影响种群的遗传多样性与遗传分化。未来景观与气候的预计变化可能会导致本研究涉及的种群丧失遗传变异，而作用于适应性变异的自然选择，也很可能会在遗传漂变影响不断增强的背景下发生。

**使用说明**
Dryad数据矩阵：
包含以下三类数据矩阵：
1. 全部13个种群的两两Fst值；
2. 任意两个种群间基于生境类型（森林或草甸）的地理距离，二者之和为总地理距离；
3. 种群衰退前后个体的移动指数。

**衰退前样本**：GENEPOP更新文件 包含种群衰退前采集的个体的7个微卫星位点基因型数据。

**衰退后样本**：GENEPOP更新文件 包含种群衰退后采集的个体的7个微卫星位点基因型数据。