Risk factors for the incidence of low-birth-weight babies in Indonesia: A literature review

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a critical issue in Indonesia, affecting 5-10% of newborns and contributing significantly to infant mortality. The primary risk factors include multiple pregnancies, maternal anemia, and insufficient maternal energy intake. The aim of this research is to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of low birth weight in Indonesia. The research method utilized is a literature review, which involves searching for research articles from the electronic database Google Scholar using keywords such as Low Birth Weight, causal factors, anemia, nutritional status, and maternal factors. From the research findings, it can be concluded that the occurrence of LBW is caused by risk factors such as anemia (3 articles), preeclampsia (3 articles), maternal age (3 articles), and chronic energy deficiency (1 article). Overall, understanding these factors is crucial for improving efforts to prevent LBW and enhancing the health of both mothers and infants during pregnancy.低出生体重（Low Birth Weight, LBW）是印度尼西亚面临的重大公共卫生问题，影响了5%-10%的新生儿，并显著推高了婴儿死亡率。其主要危险因素包括多胎妊娠、孕产妇贫血以及母体能量摄入不足。本研究旨在明确印度尼西亚境内影响低出生体重发生的相关因素。本研究采用文献综述法，通过电子数据库谷歌学术（Google Scholar），以低出生体重、致病因素、贫血、营养状况以及孕产妇因素为关键词检索相关研究论文。研究结果表明，低出生体重的发生与贫血（共3篇文献）、子痫前期（共3篇文献）、孕产妇年龄（共3篇文献）以及慢性能量缺乏（共1篇文献）等危险因素相关。总体而言，明晰上述危险因素对于优化低出生体重预防工作、改善孕产妇及新生儿孕期健康具有重要意义。