Dynamic viscosity of liquid gallium at different temperatures

Dynamic viscosity of liquid gallium at different temperatures Junjie Chen Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: [e-mail] Gallium is a chemical element, metal of main Group 13 of the periodic table. It liquefies just above room temperature. Gallium does not occur free or concentrated in independent minerals. It is extracted as a by-product from zinc blende, iron pyrites, bauxite, and germanite. Gallium is silvery white and soft enough to be cut with a knife. It takes on a bluish tinge because of superficial oxidation. Unusual for its low melting point, gallium also expands upon solidification and supercools readily, remaining a liquid at temperatures as low as 0 degrees Celsius. Gallium remains in the liquid phase over a temperature range of about 2,000 degrees Celsius, with a very low vapour pressure up to about 1,500 degrees Celsius, the longest useful liquid range of any element. The liquid metal clings to glass and similar surfaces. The crystal structure of gallium is orthorhombic. Natural gallium consists of a mixture of two stable isotopes: gallium-69 and gallium-71. Gallium has been considered as a possible heat-exchange medium in nuclear reactors, although it has a high neutron-capture cross section. The metal gallium is stable in dry air. Somewhat similar to aluminum chemically, gallium slowly oxidizes in moist air until a protective film forms. On burning in air or oxygen, it forms the white oxide. This oxide can be reduced to the metal when heated at high temperatures in hydrogen. Gallium is amphoteric, reacting with sodium and potassium hydroxide solutions to yield a gallate and hydrogen gas. The halogens attack it vigorously. Temperature (degrees Celsius), Dynamic viscosity (grams per meter per second) 350 1.369 400 1.158 450 1.016 500 0.915 550 0.840 600 0.783 650 0.737 700 0.700 750 0.669 800 0.643 Contributor: Junjie Chen, ORCID: 0000-0001-5055-4309, E-mail address: [e-mail], Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, 2000 Century Avenue, Jiaozuo, Henan, 454000, P.R. China

不同温度下液态镓的动力粘度（dynamic viscosity）
陈俊杰
河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院能源与动力工程系，中国河南省焦作市世纪大道2000号，邮编454000
贡献者：陈俊杰，ORCID：0000-0001-5055-4309，电子邮箱：[e-mail]
镓是元素周期表第13主族的金属化学元素，其熔点略高于室温。镓不以游离态或富集态存在于独立矿物中，通常作为闪锌矿、黄铁矿、铝土矿和锗石的副产品被提取。镓呈银白色，质地柔软可被小刀切割，因表面氧化而略带淡蓝色调。不同于其较低的熔点，镓在凝固时会发生膨胀，且极易过冷，可在低至0摄氏度的温度下仍保持液态。镓的液态温度区间可达约2000摄氏度，在1500摄氏度以下时蒸气压极低，拥有所有元素中最宽广的实用液态温度区间。该液态金属会附着于玻璃及类似表面。镓的晶体结构为正交晶系（orthorhombic）。天然镓由两种稳定同位素组成：镓-69与镓-71。尽管镓具有较高的中子俘获截面，但其仍被视作核反应堆中潜在的热交换介质。金属镓在干燥空气中性质稳定，化学性质与铝略有相似，在潮湿空气中会缓慢氧化直至形成保护性薄膜。在空气或氧气中燃烧时，镓会生成白色氧化物，该氧化物在高温氢气环境下可被还原为金属镓。镓具有两性，可与氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾溶液反应生成镓酸盐并释放氢气。卤素会对其发生剧烈侵蚀。
数据参数如下：温度（单位：摄氏度）、动力粘度（单位：克/(米·秒)）
350 1.369
400 1.158
450 1.016
500 0.915
550 0.840
600 0.783
650 0.737
700 0.700
750 0.669
800 0.643
贡献者：陈俊杰，ORCID：0000-0001-5055-4309，电子邮箱：[e-mail]
河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院能源与动力工程系，中国河南省焦作市世纪大道2000号，邮编454000