IL-4 induced non-canonical trained immunity via epigenetic modification

The canonical role of IL-4 is to induce M2 macrophage polarization. Herein we report that in addition to its canonical role, IL-4 also induces non-canonical pro-inflammatory response via epigenetic memory. Although IL-4 stimulated macrophages do not produce classic proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1ß, they produce heightened proinflammatory cytokine upon LPS stimulation. Overall design: BMDMs were isolated from bone marrow, treated with 20ng/ml IL4.