Gene expression profile at single cell level of tumor-infiltrating immune cells from mice treated with anti-PD-L1+E.colipBAD28 vs anti-PD-L1+E.colipApyr [CD45positive_TILs_scRNAseq]

The gut microbiota is essential for many aspects of host physiology, and locally generated secretory IgA (SIgA) modulates its function. Microbiota community determines the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer immunotherapy. Extracellular ATP (eATP) released by the microbiota restricts the SIgA repertoire by limiting T follicular helper (Tfh) cells activity in the Peyer’s Patches (PPs) via stimulation of ionotropic P2X7 receptor. Here we show that SIgA amplification by oral administration of the ATP hydrolysing enzyme apyrase corrects enteropathic features of ICB and improves the therapeutic outcome. CD45+ cells were immediately sorted from MC38 tumor-bearing mice treated with anti-PD-L1+E.colipBAD28 or anti-PD-L1+E.colipApyr at day 18 from tumor injection and analyzed using scRNA-seq