Table 1 in Review of the Epeolus julliani species group (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Epeolus Latreille, 1802), with descriptions of two new species

Table 1. Main differences between species of the Epeolus julliani group.
Epeolus seraxensisEpeolus iranicus (according to Bogusch 2021)Epeolus julliani + Epeolus siculusEpeolus kyzylkumicusEpeolus laticaudaEpeolus transitorius + Epeolus rasmontiBoth sexesAnteromedial area of mesepisternumnormal, more or less flatwith deep depressionApical bands of metasomal tergauninterruptedinterrupted medially on T2-T4interrupted mediallyuninterruptednarrowly interrupted medially in female, uninterrupted in maleinterrupted mediallyColoration of tergal discsvaries from brownish to reddish in female and from black to brownish in malereddishblackreddishvaries from dark brown to red- brown in female and from black to brownish in maleblackFemaleLength of flagellomeres (ratio L/W)F1 little shorter than F2 (ca 1.2 vs 1.3-1.4); remaining flagellomeres distinctly longer than wideF1 distinctly shorter than F2 (1.05-1.1 vs 1.35); remaining flagellomeres slightly longer than wideF1 equal or little shorter than F2 (1.2 vs 1.2-1.3); remaining flagellomeres distinctly longer than wideF1 little longer than F2 (ca 1.5 vs 1.3-1.4); remaining flagellomeres distinctly longer than wideF1 little shorter than F2 (1.2-1.3 vs 1.4-1.5); remaining flagellomeres distinctly longer than wideF1 distinctly shorter than F2 (ca 1.5 vs 1.0-1.1); remaining flagellomeres slightly longer than widePubescence on S2 discdense, obscuring integumentsparse, sculpture of integument well-visiblesparse, sculpture of integument well-visiblemoderate, almost obscuring integumentdense, obscuring integumentsparse, sculpture of integument well-visibleMaleLateral lobes of penis (dorsal view)Small, triangular, extending mid-length of penis valve (Fig. 9C, D, arrow)not studiedSmall, petal shaped, extending mid-length of penis valve (Fig. 9E, F, arrow)Medium sized, petal shaped, not extending tip of penis valve (Fig. 9C, D, arrow)Large, petal shaped, elongate, extending tip of penis valve (Fig. 9G-J, arrow)Pygidiumvery wide, 1.6-1.7 times wider than long, apically distinctly bilobed1.3 times wider than long, apically rounded1.25-1.35 times wider than long, apically rounded, sometimes slightly bilobed1.05-1.1 times wider than long, apically rounded1.4 times wider than long, apically slightly bilobed or rarely straight1.1-1.2 times wider than long, apically rounded, sometimes slightly bilobed