GreenRoute: Pedestrian and Driving Network Travel Times to Greenspace for Lower Super Output Areas in England

GreenRoute is a national dataset of Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level network travel times to nearest accessible greenspace across England, provided for two travel modes (walking and driving) under a common 20-minute travel-time threshold. Origins are the Office for National Statistics 2021 population-weighted LSOA centroids (V4), giving 35,672 residential origins across England. Destinations are 289,398 access points across 75,005 decomposed greenspace polygon units, produced by joining Natural England's AGI access nodes to a designation-preserving union of Accessible Green Infrastructure (AGI), Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Special Protection Areas (SPA) and Ramsar sites. Each access point carries the full combination of designation flags from the underlying polygon unit, so users can subset by designation without re-joining auxiliary data. Routing was performed with the Open Source Routing Machine (OSRM) against a single England-wide OpenStreetMap graph (Geofabrik snapshot 2026-05-17), preprocessed with the Multi-Level Dijkstra algorithm and the foot.lua (walk) and car.lua (drive) profiles. Routing against a single graph eliminates the boundary-edge artefacts that arise in tiled implementations. Reachability at 20 minutes: 33,476 of 35,672 LSOAs reach at least one accessible greenspace on foot (6.2% unreached); 34,578 of 35,672 by car (3.1% unreached). Contents (8 data files + README + integrity checksums): distances/walk/distances_final.parquet — per (LSOA, access point) walking travel times distances/walk/distances_per_site.parquet — per (LSOA, site) walking travel times distances/drive/distances_final.parquet — per (LSOA, access point) driving travel times distances/drive/distances_per_site.parquet — per (LSOA, site) driving travel times greenspace/greenspace_access_union.parquet — access points with designation flags greenspace/greenspace_union.gpkg — decomposed union polygons origins/lsoa_centroids.parquet — LSOA population-weighted centroids README.md — full variable schema, load examples (Python + R), provenance and reproduction instructions MANIFEST.txt and SHA256SUMS — integrity checksums Intended reuse: research and policy applications in public health, urban planning and nature recovery; mode-dependent accessibility inequity analyses linked to Indices of Multiple Deprivation or the Rural-Urban Classification; the walk-drive gap as an equity signal mapping onto car ownership. Cross-engine validation: routing was independently reproduced with osmnx + networkx on an Oxford + Cherwell case-study region; Spearman rank correlation on shared (origin, destination) travel times is 0.93 for walking (17,298 shared pairs) and 0.96 for driving (435,895 shared pairs). Reproducibility: all pipeline code is open-source at github.com/tommycollins1/pag-greenspace-net-travel (release tagged v1.0). A companion data descriptor manuscript has been submitted to Scientific Data. Licence: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Underlying OpenStreetMap data © OpenStreetMap contributors under ODbL; Natural England and ONS layers under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Commissioned by Natural England as part of the Planning Access to Greenspace (PAG) project.