Understanding Risks and Building Enhanced Capabilities in Latin American Cities: Work Package 2 Interview Transcripts, Brazil and Colombia, 2022

UKRI GCRF project URBE Latam's Work Package 2 aimed to identify windows of opportunity to institutionalise citizen-generated data for disaster risk governance in the case study countries Brazil and Colombia.

The interview partners were selected from the project teams' existing contacts at the national (Colombia, Brazil), subnational (Rio de Janeiro state, Antioquia department) and municipal (Niterói, Medellín) levels and included representatives from disaster risk agencies, planning and statistics offices.

The interviews were conducted in Brazilian Portuguese with the Brazilian stakeholders and in Spanish with the Colombian stakeholders. The interviews aimed to understand the extent to which disaster risk reduction governance processes are equitable. The semi-structured interview schedule started with conceptual definitions, such as questions regarding the interview partners' understandings of "resilience", "risk", "vulnerability", followed by questions regarding the indicators and data to measure these and any related concepts, including the roles of the various data actors, such as questions relating to usage, representativeness, and data quality. In response to the questions, interview partners suggested the following:

- while "resilience" is an important concept, it is not used in disaster risk management and generally understood as
communities' experiences of and responses to a disaster;

- the legal framework establishes hierarchical relations in risk governance, data sharing across the governance scale and policy happens primarily at the response stage of the disaster risk cycle.

- and that work with communities for prevention is the primary responsibility of municipal "social" teams.<p>URBE Latam addresses the implementation gap between sustainable development and equitable resilience. It will do so by using a transdisciplinary research approach aimed at empowering residents of disaster-prone urban poor neighbourhoods, which will underpin the co-production of enhanced, context-specific understandings of local risks and the integration of the resulting data into decision-making procedures in disaster risk reduction and sustainable development monitoring.

The project is conducted by a highly skilled multi-disciplinary research team (including social sciences, engineering and physical sciences) and adopts a dialogic co-production approach to citizen-generated data which relies upon well-established partnerships with community-based initiatives for local development, education and disaster risk reduction in Rio de Janeiro and Medellin, as well as with governmental agencies involved in disaster risk reduction and local planning and development.

URBE Latam proceeds in four integrated components that seek an enhanced understanding of risks, vulnerabilities and local capabilities in disaster-prone urban areas: first it is centred on the engagement of citizens to generate data to expand understandings of risks at the neighbourhood level; second, citizens engagement in risk will be pursued alongside an analysis of socio-spatial inequalities in resilience and development indicators and policies at city and national level; third, this will lead to the recalibration of environmental risk mapping with citizen-generated data; fourth, these components are articulated and integrated within a framework to facilitate dialogic transformations across the different levels and stakeholders involved.

The process of advancing these outputs will further enable capacity development in local communities and the governments of Rio de Janeiro and Medellin; a process which will be augmented by improving the awareness of stakeholders in other Latin American cities and countries through broader dissemination. Insights from collaboratively produced citizen-generated data will be integrated into the practices of disaster risk management and development monitoring (e.g. SDG reporting) in collaboration with international policymaking agencies, thus enabling transformations towards more equitable disaster risk reduction and sustainable development. As an overarching outcome, the project will enable the transformation of practices, improve knowledge among a diverse range of stakeholders and enhance capacity to promote equitable resilience.</p>

英国研究与创新署（UKRI）全球挑战研究基金（GCRF）资助的URBE Latam项目工作包2（Work Package 2），旨在以巴西与哥伦比亚作为案例研究国，识别将公民生成数据（citizen-generated data）制度化以服务灾害风险治理的机遇窗口。

访谈对象选自项目团队在国家级（哥伦比亚、巴西）、次国家级（里约热内卢州、安蒂奥基亚省）以及市级（尼特罗伊市、麦德林市）层面的既有合作联系人，涵盖灾害风险机构、规划与统计部门的代表。

本次访谈分别以巴西葡萄牙语对巴西利益相关方开展，以西班牙语对哥伦比亚利益相关方实施，旨在探究灾害风险治理流程的公平性程度。半结构化访谈（semi-structured interview）提纲首先从概念定义切入，例如询问访谈对象对‘韧性（resilience）’‘风险（risk）’‘脆弱性（vulnerability）’的认知，随后围绕用于衡量上述概念及相关概念的指标与数据展开提问，包括各类数据主体的角色，例如有关数据使用、代表性与数据质量的问题。针对上述提问，访谈对象提出了以下观点：
- 尽管‘韧性’是一项重要概念，但并未在灾害风险管理中得到应用，大众通常将其理解为社区遭遇灾害后的经历与应对举措；
- 法律框架在风险治理中确立了层级化关系，跨治理层级的数据共享与政策制定主要发生在灾害风险周期的应急响应阶段；
- 面向社区开展的预防工作是市级‘社会’团队的核心职责。

URBE Latam旨在填补可持续发展与公平韧性之间的实施鸿沟。项目将采用跨学科研究（transdisciplinary research）方法，赋权易受灾害影响的城市贫困社区居民，以此为基础协同构建针对当地风险的精细化、情境化认知，并将生成的数据整合至灾害风险减缓和可持续发展监测的决策流程中。

本项目由一支涵盖社会科学、工程学与物理科学领域的高水平多学科研究团队执行，并采用对话式协同生产（dialogic co-production）方法开展公民生成数据相关工作，该方法依托与里约热内卢及麦德林市的社区发展、教育与灾害风险减缓社区倡议的长期合作伙伴关系，同时与参与灾害风险减缓和地方规划发展的政府机构建立合作。

URBE Latam包含四个相互整合的组成部分，旨在深化对易受灾害影响的城市地区的风险、脆弱性与地方能力的认知：第一，以公民参与生成数据为核心，拓展对社区层面风险的认知；第二，在推进公民风险参与工作的同时，分析城市与国家层面韧性与发展指标及政策中的社会空间不平等问题；第三，基于公民生成数据重新校准环境风险地图；第四，将上述组成部分整合至统一框架中，以推动所涉不同层级与利益相关方之间的对话式转型。

推进这些成果的过程还将助力里约热内卢与麦德林市地方社区及政府的能力建设；此外，通过更广泛的传播提升其他拉美城市与国家利益相关方的认知，将进一步强化这一能力建设进程。协同生成的公民生成数据相关洞察将与国际政策制定机构合作，整合至灾害风险管理与发展监测（例如可持续发展目标（SDG）报告）实践中，从而推动向更公平的灾害风险减缓与可持续发展转型。作为一项总体性成果，本项目将推动实践变革、提升多元利益相关方的认知水平，并增强促进公平韧性的能力。