Patterns of sleep and daytime sleepiness: comparison between adolescents from the interior and metropolitan regions

Abstract Introduction Sleep is a physiological process whose expression in humans is influenced by social and environmental factors. Objective Compare the variables sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents from a municipality in the countryside and from a metropolitan city. Method Study participants were 1645 adolescents from representative samples of two cities of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil: one from the interior of the state and another from a metropolitan area. Adolescents responded to a self-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic issues, sleeping and waking times on weekdays and weekends, daytime sleepiness, and health perception. Results Adolescents living in the metropolitan region presented delayed sleeping (p < 0.001), waking (p < 0.001), and mid-sleep ( p < 0.001) times compared with those of adolescents from the countryside. No statistically significant differences were observed between the means of sleep duration identified (p = 0.645). Adolescents also presented similar sleepiness indexes (p = 0.082). Association of negative health perception with high scores on the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) was observed regardless of the region in which adolescents live. Conclusions Results suggest that contextual and geographic variables influence the sleep phase of adolescents. Therefore, a better understanding of sleep compensatory measures in adolescents is fundamental.

摘要：睡眠是一种生理过程，其在人类个体中的表现受到社会与环境因素的共同影响。本研究旨在对比乡村城镇与大都市青少年的睡眠及日间嗜睡相关变量。研究方法：纳入巴西圣卡塔琳娜州两座城市的代表性样本共1645名青少年，其中一座位于该州内陆乡村区域，另一座属于大都市区。所有青少年填写自填式问卷，内容涵盖社会人口学特征、工作日与周末的睡眠及觉醒时间、日间嗜睡情况以及健康感知状况。研究结果：与乡村地区青少年相比，大都市区青少年的就寝时间、觉醒时间及睡眠中点时间均显著延后（p < 0.001）；两组青少年的平均睡眠时长无统计学显著差异（p = 0.645）；日间嗜睡指数亦无显著组间差异（p = 0.082）。无论青少年居住于何种区域，负面健康感知均与儿童日间嗜睡量表（Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, PDSS）高分呈显著相关。研究结论：结果表明，环境与地理变量会对青少年的睡眠时相产生影响。因此，深入了解青少年的睡眠代偿措施具有重要意义。