冬奥困难立地森林培育树种选择技术报告

冬奥廊道沿线位于蒙古高原和华北平原的过渡带，地貌以海拔600-2000m间的山地为主，廊道沿线区域内降水少、土层薄、水土流失与风沙危害严重，植被景观破碎，生态功能较差。为提升廊道沿线植被的景观水平和生态功能，就需要考虑栽植区域的环境特点与植物的生长习性，科学的进行树种选择，避免不合理的树种营林导致的造林质量低、成活率低和景观效果差。此外，选择的树种不仅要考虑其生态功能，还要保证其在冬季有很好的景观效果。树种选择对造林的成活率和植被景观都至关重要，通过对14个树种的成活率和景观效果的综合比较，樟子松、云杉、忍冬、丁香、金叶榆5个树种效果较好，能够在冬奥廊道沿线提供稳定的景观和生态功能。

The corridor along the Winter Olympics is located in the transition zone between the Mongolian Plateau and the North China Plain, with mountainous terrain at an altitude of 600–2000 m as the dominant landform. The areas along the corridor feature scarce precipitation, thin soil layers, severe soil erosion and wind-sand hazards, fragmented vegetation landscapes, and compromised ecological functions. To improve the landscape quality and ecological functions of vegetation along the corridor, it is necessary to consider the environmental characteristics of planting sites and the growth habits of plants, select tree species scientifically, and avoid low afforestation quality, low survival rate and poor landscape effects caused by unreasonable tree cultivation and forest management. In addition, the selected tree species should not only meet the requirements of ecological functions, but also ensure excellent landscape performance in winter. Tree species selection is crucial for both afforestation survival rate and vegetation landscapes. Through a comprehensive comparison of the survival rates and landscape effects of 14 tree species, five species including Mongolian pine, spruce, honeysuckle, lilac and golden-leaf elm performed well, and can deliver stable landscape and ecological functions along the Winter Olympics corridor.