SEQUENCING RESULTS

Various indigenous mushroom varieties grow wild in Kenya. The lack of information on their genetic diversity and medicinal properties is a major obstacle to expanding the pharmaceutical and food industries that depend on these mushrooms as raw materials. In this study, 15 indigenous mushroom species from the Arabuko Sokoke forest were collected, identified, and their medicinal properties profiled. The aim was to evaluate the genetic diversity and antimicrobial activity of these local species. The study involved characterizing indigenous mushroom accessions, testing their antimicrobial effectiveness via disc-diffusion, and identifying the bioactive compounds responsible for antimicrobial effects. Two accessions, <i>Ganoderma mbrekobenum</i> and <i>Leiotrametes lactinea,</i> showed antimicrobial activity against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, confirmed through disc diffusion and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data from the assays were analyzed using ANOVA to produce graphs and assess the significance of activity compared to 10µg ampicillin. Bioactive compounds identified through GC-MS were docked against target enzymes using PyRx, Chimera, and Biovia to evaluate their binding affinity. Mushroom DNA was extracted from the 15 samples using a modified CTAB protocol, then amplified and purified for the ITS region. Sequences were obtained via Sanger sequencing, with CLUSTAL W and MEGA11 software used for alignment and phylogenetic analysis of relationships. These indigenous mushrooms demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities. The findings are expected to guide the development of key policies and prospects for the mushroom industry in Kenya.

肯尼亚野外广泛分布着多种本土蘑菇品种。当前对其遗传多样性与药用特性的认知不足，已成为制约以这类蘑菇为原料的医药及食品产业扩张的核心障碍。本研究从阿拉布科索科克森林（Arabuko Sokoke Forest）中采集了15种本土蘑菇物种，完成物种鉴定与药用特性表征，旨在评估这些本土物种的遗传多样性与抗菌活性。研究内容包括对本土蘑菇种质资源进行性状分析、采用纸片扩散法检测其抗菌效能，以及鉴定介导抗菌活性的生物活性成分。其中两种种质资源——姆布雷科灵芝（Ganoderma mbrekobenum）与乳白毛栓菌（Leiotrametes lactinea）——对大肠杆菌（E. coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）表现出抗菌活性，该结果通过纸片扩散法与气相色谱-质谱联用法得到验证。本研究采用方差分析（Analysis of Variance, ANOVA）对试验数据进行分析，绘制相关图表，并以10μg氨苄青霉素为参照评估抗菌活性的显著性。通过GC-MS鉴定得到的生物活性成分，采用PyRx、Chimera与Biovia软件对接至靶标酶，以评估其结合亲和力。研究采用改良的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）法从15份蘑菇样本中提取DNA，随后对内转录间隔区（Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS）区域进行扩增与纯化。通过桑格测序（Sanger sequencing）获得序列，并采用CLUSTAL W与MEGA11软件进行序列比对与系统发育关系分析。这些本土蘑菇展现出多样的药理活性，本研究结果可为肯尼亚蘑菇产业的政策制定与产业发展前景提供指导。