Climate2Energy capacity factors and demand for heating and cooling as described in Wohland et al. (2025)

We here provide outputs of the Climate2Energy conversion described in Wohland et al. (2025). Please cite this paper if you use the data provided here. Results are based on the CESM2 climate model covering the historical period (1995-2015) and a future period using the SSP370 scenario (2080-2100). We cover wind energy (offshore and onshore separately for 3 turbines), solar photovoltaics, hydropower (run-of-river and reservoirs), and demand for heating and cooling. Temporal resolution is hourly for everything except hydropower which is on a coarser temporal resolution. Specifically, we provide spreadsheets with the full country-level outputs for all 9 realizations in .csv format are available in the only_csv folder. Those spreadsheets are designed to be directly usable in energy system optimization. gridded capacity factors for wind energy and solar energy in the three main realizations (AA, BB, CC -- see the method section of the referenced publication for an explanation). The folder structure is as follows: 1. csv files only_csv/{realization_used_for_bias_correction}/{period}/{realization}/output_variables where the realization_used_for_bias_correction can be A, B, or C. The period can be historical or future. The realization can be A, B, or C. The realization=A and realization_used_for_bias_correction=A case also includes wind capacity factors without density correction. All other wind files (i.e., those ending in density_corrected.csv) include density correction. 2. netcdf files only_nc/{realization_used_for_bias_correction}/{period}/{realization}/output_variables with the same logic as explained above but where realization_used_for_bias_correction is the same as realization. REFERENCE J. Wohland, L. Bloin-Wibe, E. M Fischer, L. Göke, R. Knutti, F. De Marco, U. Beyerle and J. Savelsberg; Climate2Energy: a framework to consistently include climate change into energy system modeling; Environmental Research: Energy, accepted on Dec. 5th 2025