特种工业原料林培育技术

项目围绕特种工业原料林培育技术主题，研究了银杏、喜树、印楝、辣木和杜仲等5个特种工业原料林树种培育技术中的种质资源遗传变异规律、良种选育、资源培育配套栽培技术体系和专家栽培管理决策系统等关键共性技术，实现了提高我国银杏等特种工业原料林的资源总量和产品竞争力的目标，为我国银杏等特种工业人工原料林的安全、优质、丰产培育提供了强有力的科技支撑。 项目创新选育出各种用途的种源、家系、品种、无性系或单株115个，其中12个银杏和杜仲良种分别通过了河南省和江苏省林木良种审定委员会的审定或认定，2个银杏新品种获得了植物新品种保护权 建立了银杏等5个树种的良种采穗圃和种质资源圃450亩、良种繁殖基地2000余亩，生产优质苗木2000万株 创新集成银杏等工业原料林资源定向培育技术体系和专家栽培管理决策系统，定向培育技术体系的应用使工业原料林的产量提高了15.4%以上，有效成分含量提高10%以上，建立了试验示范林1.2万亩，累计推广面积41.55万亩。 项目形成了新工艺2项，技术规范5项，技术研制2项 项目已经获得国家发明专利5项，已受理国家发明专利1项 完成了2项软件的开发工作，正在申请软件著作权 制定了2项国家标准、1项行业标准 出版了8部专著，发表了65篇文章，其中SCI收录4篇。 本项目采用边研究边转化利用的思路，研制出的技术规范、新工艺、良种、工业原料林培育技术体系已在生产实践中转化应用，成果转化程度高，取得了较大的社会、经济和生态效益。如叶用银杏规范化栽培技术，已在邳州市累计推广5万亩，叶产量提高53.7%，黄酮和内酯含量提高了13.4％，每年新增直接和间接经济效益达到1.3亿元以上 在河南建立的2万亩杜仲示范推广基地，每年增加直接和间接产值2.623亿元。

This project focuses on the cultivation technology of special industrial raw material forests. It investigates key common technologies in the cultivation of five special industrial raw material forest tree species, namely Ginkgo biloba, Camptotheca acuminata, Azadirachta indica, Moringa oleifera, and Eucommia ulmoides, including the genetic variation rules of germplasm resources, improved variety breeding, supporting cultivation technical systems for resource cultivation, and expert cultivation management decision support systems. The project has achieved the goal of increasing the total resource volume and product competitiveness of special industrial raw material forests such as Ginkgo biloba in China, providing strong scientific and technological support for the safe, high-quality, and high-yield cultivation of artificial special industrial raw material forests including Ginkgo biloba.

The project has innovatively bred 115 provenances, families, varieties, clones, or individual plants for various applications. Among them, 12 improved varieties of Ginkgo biloba and Eucommia ulmoides have passed the review or certification of the Forest Variety Approval Committees of Henan Province and Jiangsu Province respectively, and 2 new Ginkgo biloba varieties have obtained plant variety rights. A total of 450 mu of improved variety scion orchards and germplasm repositories, as well as over 2,000 mu of improved variety propagation bases, have been established for the five tree species including Ginkgo biloba, with 20 million high-quality seedlings produced. An integrated targeted cultivation technical system for industrial raw material forests such as Ginkgo biloba and an expert cultivation management decision support system have been innovatively developed. The application of the targeted cultivation technical system has increased the yield of industrial raw material forests by more than 15.4% and the content of active ingredients by more than 10%. A total of 12,000 mu of experimental demonstration forests have been established, with a cumulative promoted area of 415,500 mu.

The project has developed 2 new processes, 5 technical specifications, and 2 technical development outcomes. It has obtained 5 national invention patents, with 1 national invention patent under acceptance. Two software programs have been developed, and their software copyright registration is pending. Two national standards and one industrial standard have been formulated. Eight monographs have been published, and 65 papers have been published, among which 4 are indexed by SCI.

This project follows the principle of integrating research and transformation, carrying out transformation and utilization while conducting research. The developed technical specifications, new processes, improved varieties, and industrial raw material forest cultivation technical systems have been transformed and applied in production practice, with a high level of achievement transformation, achieving considerable social, economic, and ecological benefits. For example, the standardized cultivation technology for leaf-use Ginkgo biloba has been cumulatively promoted over 50,000 mu in Pizhou City, with leaf yield increased by 53.7%, flavonoid and lactone content increased by 13.4%, and annual new direct and indirect economic benefits exceeding 130 million yuan. The 20,000 mu Eucommia ulmoides demonstration and promotion base established in Henan Province increases annual direct and indirect output value by 262.3 million yuan.