Characterizing algal-bacterial symbiotic biofilms: insights into coexistence of algae and anaerobic microorganisms

This study constructed an integrated algae/partial nitrification/anammox biofilm system. The structure, compositions, and function of this symbiotic biofilm, which played a pivotal role in the system, were analyzed in detail. Microscope photos and fluorescence in situ hybridization both showed that bacteria and algae were well integrated. The dissolved oxygen gradient further confirmed that different functional microorganisms grew at varying depths within biofilm. This layered biofilm benefitted providing a suitable environment for various microorganisms to survive within a complex biofilm.