Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture

Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification in the form of, for example, intensively-managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimate how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2,655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, non-crop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (human well-being, yields, food security) and environmental (biodiversity, ecosystem services, reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We find that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison., As a first step to identify relevant datasets, participants of the SESYNC working group ‘Can Enhancing Diversity Help Scale Up Agriculture's Benefits to People and the Environment?’ were identified who had studied farm sites with varying levels of diversification in different parts of the world. Our goal was to encompass a wide range of farming systems across geographic latitudes, from subsistence to commercial farming, while also considering the geophysical landscape context of agricultural diversification outcomes. As a second step to obtain a sufficient representation of various geographic regions as well as types of agricultural diversification strategies, the group identified additional data contributors with relevant datasets (done through a broader solicitation request for data) as potential collaborators.
We had three inclusion criteria for datasets. That is, datasets should have recorded at least:  1) one agricultural diversification practice, while also including control study..., The raw data file is .xlsx and the compound variables and other constructed variables are in a CSV file.  All data processing and statistical analyses were performed using R software., # Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture

## Description of the data and file structure

As a first step to identify relevant datasets, participants of the SESYNC working group Can Enhancing Diversity Help Scale Up Agriculture's Benefits to People and the Environment? were identified that had studied farm sites with varying levels of diversification in different parts of the world.
Our goal was to encompass a wide range of farming systems across geographic latitudes, from subsistence to commercial farming, while also considering the geophysical landscape context of agricultural diversification outcomes.

As a second step to obtain a sufficient representation of various geographic regions as well as types of agricultural diversification strategies, the group identified additional data contributors with relevant datasets (done through a broader solicitation request for data) as potential collaborators.

We had three inclusion criteria for datasets. That is, d...

农业集约化简化正以牺牲更多样化农业形态为代价持续扩张。这种以集约化管理单作为典型代表的简化模式，将全球推离安全且公平的地球系统边界（Earth system boundaries）带来了潜在风险。本研究旨在量化农业多元化如何同时对社会与环境效益产生影响。我们基于覆盖全球11个国家、2655个农场的24项研究，揭示了五大核心多元化策略——聚焦畜牧、作物、土壤、非作物种植以及水土保持——如何分别惠及社会维度（人类福祉、作物产量、粮食安全）与环境维度（生物多样性、生态系统服务、降低环境外部性）的相关效益。研究发现，组合应用多种多元化策略，相较单独采用单一管理策略，能够带来更多正向效益。若要充分实现此类收益，需依托设计完善的政策激励机制，推动多种多元化策略的协同落地。

作为识别相关数据集的首要步骤，研究团队筛选出了SESYNC工作组"提升多样性能否助力扩大农业对人类与环境的效益？"的参与成员，这些研究者曾在全球不同区域针对多元化水平各异的农场开展过相关研究。本研究的目标是覆盖不同地理纬度下的广泛农作系统，涵盖从自给农业到商业农业的全谱系，并同时兼顾农业多元化效益的地球物理景观背景。

作为充分代表不同地理区域与农业多元化策略类型的第二步，工作组通过更广泛的数据征集邀请，识别出拥有相关数据集的额外数据贡献者作为潜在合作方。

本数据集共设置三项纳入标准，即数据集需至少记录以下内容：1）至少一项农业多元化实践，并设置对照研究……

原始数据文件格式为.xlsx，复合变量与其他人工构建变量存储于CSV文件中。所有数据处理与统计分析均通过R软件完成。

# 多元化农业的环境与社会效益协同
## 数据与文件结构说明
作为识别相关数据集的首要步骤，研究团队筛选出了SESYNC工作组"提升多样性能否助力扩大农业对人类与环境的效益？"的参与成员，这些研究者曾在全球不同区域针对多元化水平各异的农场开展过相关研究。
本研究的目标是覆盖不同地理纬度下的广泛农作系统，涵盖从自给农业到商业农业的全谱系，并同时兼顾农业多元化效益的地球物理景观背景。
作为充分代表不同地理区域与农业多元化策略类型的第二步，工作组通过更广泛的数据征集邀请，识别出拥有相关数据集的额外数据贡献者作为潜在合作方。