The pollination of Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) in South China: When butterflies take sides

Habenaria is one of the largest terrestrial genera in the family Orchidaceae. Most field studies on Habenaria species with greenish-white and nocturnal scented flowers are pollinated by nocturnal hawkmoths and settling moths. However, H. rhodocheila presents reddish flowers lacking a detectable scent and fails to fit the moth pollination syndrome. We investigated the pollinators, breeding system and functional traits of H. rhodocheila in South China and found that two diurnal swallowtail butterflies Papilio helenus and P. nephelus (Papilionidae) were the effective pollinators. When butterflies foraged for nectar in the spur, the pollinia became attached between the palpi. A triangular projected median rostellar lobe was found at the entrance (sinus) of the spur of H. rhodocheila. This lobe divided the spur opening into two entrances forcing butterflies to enter their proboscides through the left or right side. When the projection of median rostellar lobe was removed, the site of pollini..., This dataset was collected from field observations conducted in the Jiulianshan Natural Nature Reserve of South China. The fieldwork was accomplished by Xing-Hui Chen and other authors as referred to author contributions in the manuscript. , , # The Pollination of Habenaria rhodocheila (Orchidaceae) in South China: When Butterflies Take Sides

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1n8](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1n8)

## Description of the data and file structure

The dataset includes embryonic development data, floral trait data, pollinator visit data, and pollinator visit data of *Habenaria rhodocheila*.

### Files and variables

#### File: Chen\_et\_al.\_2021.\_Ecology\_and\_Evolution.\_dataset.zip

**Description:** 

(1) The `embryonic development data `file shows the proportion of large, small, aborted, and no embryo under natural, cross, and self-pollination respectively. Ten dehiscent ovaries from each treatment were harvested to estimate embryonic development (values in each column of the table). All the seeds of each fruit were placed on a petri dish and examined under a light microscope, Olympus BX51 (Tokyo, Japan). Seeds were assigned to four categories following the method of Ren et al. (2014) i.e. la...

玉凤花属（Habenaria）是兰科（Orchidaceae）最大的陆生属之一。多数针对具绿白色、夜间释放香气花朵的玉凤花属物种的野外研究表明，其传粉者为夜间活动的天蛾与静栖蛾类。然而，红萼玉凤花（H. rhodocheila）的花朵呈红色，且无可检测到的香气，不符合天蛾传粉综合征。我们对中国南方的红萼玉凤花的传粉者、繁育系统与功能性状开展了调查，发现两种日间活动的凤蝶——美凤蝶（Papilio helenus）和达摩凤蝶（P. nephelus，凤蝶科Papilionidae）为其有效传粉者。当蝴蝶在花距（spur）中觅食花蜜时，花粉块（pollinia）会附着在其下唇须之间。我们在红萼玉凤花的花距入口（窦状结构）处发现了一个三角形凸起的蕊喙中裂片（median rostellar lobe）。该裂片将花距开口分为两个通道，迫使蝴蝶只能通过左侧或右侧伸入其喙（proboscides）。当移除该蕊喙中裂片的凸起结构后，花粉块的附着位置……本数据集采集自中国南方九连山国家级自然保护区的野外观测工作，野外调查由陈兴辉（Xing-Hui Chen）及其他作者完成，具体贡献详见论文的作者贡献部分。

# 中国南方红萼玉凤花（兰科）的传粉生物学：当蝴蝶选择侧方通道
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pc866t1n8

## 数据与文件结构说明
本数据集包含胚胎发育数据、花部性状数据、传粉者访视数据，以及红萼玉凤花的传粉者访视数据。

### 文件与变量说明
#### 文件：Chen_et_al._2021._Ecology_and_Evolution._dataset.zip
**描述：**
(1) 胚胎发育数据文件：分别展示了自然授粉、异花授粉与自花授粉处理下，大型、小型、败育及无胚种子的占比。本研究从每个处理组中采集10个开裂的子房以评估胚胎发育（表格各列数值即为对应统计值）。将每个果实的全部种子置于培养皿中，使用奥林巴斯BX51型光学显微镜（日本东京）进行观测。参照Ren等（2014）的方法，将种子划分为四类，即la...