Lupinus cosentinii genome and annotation

Lupins are underutilized legume plants with protein-rich seeds, thus offering a valuable source of plant-based dietary protein. However, lupins are the least characterized legume group due to the scarcity of genomic resources and are weakly supported as a sister clade to the remaining core papilionoids. We report the first whole genome sequences two wild lupin species: Lupinus cosetninii (2n = 32), which is native to the Mediterranean coast and has been successfully domesticated in Australia, and L. digitatus (2n = 36), which is native to the pan-Saharan region. Both species are well adapted to drought-prone environments and offer promising genomic resources to enhance the utilization of lupin diversity in the development of sustainable and climate-friendly crops. The two species can also be crossed, which will facilitate their utilization and indicates the potential for gene flow between them. In contrast to previous reports, our results indicate that both species are tetraploids, excluding the presence of aneuploidy. The comparison of these lupin species enhances our fundamental knowledge about the lupin genome and provides novel resources for crop improvement.

羽扇豆（Lupins）是一类未被充分开发利用的豆科植物，其种子富含蛋白质，因此是极具价值的植物性膳食蛋白来源。然而，由于基因组资源匮乏，羽扇豆是研究程度最低的豆科类群，且其作为其余核心蝶形花亚科植物姊妹支（sister clade）的分类地位缺乏有力支持。本研究首次报道了两种野生羽扇豆物种的全基因组序列：一是原产于地中海沿岸、已在澳大利亚成功驯化的科森蒂诺羽扇豆（Lupinus cosetninii，2n=32），二是原产于泛撒哈拉地区的掌叶羽扇豆（L. digitatus，2n=36）。两个物种均能良好适应干旱频发环境，可为通过利用羽扇豆多样性培育可持续、气候友好型作物提供极具潜力的基因组资源。二者还可进行杂交，这将推动其开发利用，并暗示二者间存在基因流（gene flow）的可能性。与既往研究结论不同，本研究结果显示两个物种均为四倍体，排除了非整倍体（aneuploidy）的存在。对这些羽扇豆物种的比较研究，可深化我们对羽扇豆基因组的基础认知，并为作物遗传改良提供全新的资源。