Thirty-three years of glacier grounding line retreat in Antarctica

The transition boundary between continental and floating ice, or grounding line, is a sensitive indicator of glacier stability and mass balance, which, in turn, impacts sea level. Using radar interferometry data from the European ERS-1/2 and Sentinel-1, Canadian RADARSAT Constellation, Japanese ALOS PALSAR, Italian CosmoSkyMed, and Finnish ICEYE from 1992 to 2025, we quantify the long-term migration of the Antarctic grounding line. Over the 33-year period, we detect no migration over 71 ± 10 % of the coastal length, including the Ross, Filchner/Ronne, Amery, and West ice shelves, and glaciers in Coats, Queen Maud, Enderby, and Princess Elizabeth Lands. In the Peninsula, we detect 2-18 km retreat in the northeast near Larsen A-B ice shelves, 2-6 km retreat on GeorgeVI Ice Shelf in the southwest, but no retreat on Larsen C-D ice shelves. In Wilkes and George V Lands, East Antarctica, we record a 6-10 km retreat on Denman, Totten, Moscow, Frost/Holmes, Mertz, Ninnis, and Cook, and 26 km fo..., SAR Missions. We use radar interferometry (InSAR) observations from several satellite Synthetic-Aperture Radar (SAR) missions. The European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Remote Sensing ERS-1 collected repeat-pass interferometry at the C-band frequency (5.3 GHz) in 1992 and 1994 (3-day repeat). ESA collected data at a one-day repeat with ERS-1 and ERS-2 in 1995/1996. ERS-1 acquired 3-day repeat data at the end of its mission in 2000. ERS-2 acquired 3-day repeat data at the end of its mission in 2011. ESA launched Sentinel-1a in 2014, followed by Sentinel-1b in 2016, which acquired SAR data at the C-band frequency (5.4 GHz) with a 6 to 12 day repeat until Sentinel-1b ceased operations in 2021. Sentinel-1c was launched in December 2024 and collected data at a one-day repeat with S1a for one month over the Amundsen Sea. The Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) launched the ALOS PALSAR in 2006 to acquire SAR data at the L-band frequency (1.27 GHz) at a 44-day repeat until 2011. In 2014, JAXA launched ALO..., # Thirty-three years of glacier grounding line retreat in Antarctica

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1w4h](10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1w4h)

## Description of the data and file structure

***The grounding line delineations***, **InSAR_GL_Antarctica_v01-1992-2025.gpkg** and **.shp** are distributed as a geopackage file (gpkg) and ESRI shape files which include the following fields

Each double difference is made from 3 to 4 images which correspond to 3 to 4 orbits and 3 to 4 dates. When the set is limited to that, it simply means that the middle image is used twice, once to make a pair forward in time, once to make a pair backward. 

**Sensor:** **String**. Name of the satellite constellation used to collect the data. Values are: CSK (CosmoSkyMed), Sentinel-1, RSAT-1 (RADARSAT-1), RCM (RADARSAT Constellation Mission), ALOS (ALOS PALSAR-2 and 3 missions), ERS (Earth Remote Sensing Satellite 1 and 2), ICEYE (ICEYE X6 and X7 satellites, with a few data acquired with X38). 

**Orbit_1: Integer*32*...,

陆基冰与浮冰之间的过渡边界，即接地线（grounding line），是冰川稳定性与物质平衡的敏感指示因子，进而对海平面变化产生影响。本研究利用1992年至2025年间，欧洲航天局（ESA）ERS-1/2与Sentinel-1系列、加拿大RADARSAT星座、日本ALOS PALSAR、意大利CosmoSkyMed以及芬兰ICEYE获取的雷达干涉测量（radar interferometry）数据，量化了南极接地线的长期迁移情况。在这33年的观测周期内，我们发现71±10%的沿岸区域未发生接地线迁移，其中包括罗斯冰架、菲尔希纳-龙尼冰架、埃默里冰架、西部冰架，以及科茨地、毛德皇后地、恩德比地和伊丽莎白公主地的冰川。在南极半岛区域，我们观测到东北部拉森A-B冰架附近的接地线发生了2~18公里的后退，西南部乔治六世冰架区域的接地线后退幅度为2~6公里，但拉森C-D冰架区域未观测到后退现象。在东南极的威尔克斯地和乔治五世地，我们观测到登曼冰川、托滕冰川、莫斯科冰川、弗罗斯特/霍姆斯冰川、默茨冰川、尼尼斯冰川和库克冰川所在区域的接地线后退幅度为6~10公里，另有26公里的……（原文截断）。

本研究采用多颗卫星合成孔径雷达（Synthetic-Aperture Radar, SAR）任务获取的雷达干涉测量（InSAR）观测数据。欧洲航天局（ESA）的地球遥感卫星ERS-1于1992年和1994年以3天重访周期获取了C波段（5.3 GHz）的重复轨道干涉测量数据。1995/1996年，ESA利用ERS-1和ERS-2以1天重访周期获取数据。ERS-1在2000年任务末期以3天重访周期获取数据。ERS-2在2011年任务末期以3天重访周期获取数据。ESA于2014年发射Sentinel-1a，2016年发射Sentinel-1b，二者以6~12天的重访周期获取C波段（5.4 GHz）合成孔径雷达数据，直至Sentinel-1b于2021年停止运行。Sentinel-1c于2024年12月发射，与S1a以1天重访周期在阿蒙森海区域开展了为期1个月的数据采集工作。日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）于2006年发射ALOS PALSAR，以44天重访周期获取L波段（1.27 GHz）的合成孔径雷达数据，直至2011年。2014年，JAXA发射了ALOS……（原文截断）。
# 南极冰川接地线后退33年观测数据集

数据集DOI：10.5061/dryad.p2ngf1w4h

## 数据与文件结构说明

***接地线描边数据***：**InSAR_GL_Antarctica_v01-1992-2025.gpkg**与**.shp**文件以地理数据包（geopackage, gpkg）和ESRI形状文件（shapefile）格式分发，包含以下字段：

每一组双差干涉均由3~4幅影像构成，对应3~4个轨道与3~4个观测日期。当数据集限定为该数量时，意味着中间影像会被重复使用两次：一次用于生成时间向前的影像对，另一次用于生成时间向后的影像对。

**传感器（Sensor）**：**字符串类型**。用于采集数据的卫星星座名称，可选值包括：CSK（CosmoSkyMed）、Sentinel-1、RSAT-1（RADARSAT-1）、RCM（RADARSAT星座任务）、ALOS（ALOS PALSAR-2与3任务）、ERS（地球遥感卫星1号与2号）、ICEYE（ICEYE X6、X7卫星，少量数据由X38卫星采集）。

**轨道1（Orbit_1）**：32位整数……（原文截断）