Deaths from Respiratory Disease

This data shows premature deaths (Age under 75) from Respiratory Disease, numbers and rates by gender, as 3-year moving-averages. Smoking is the major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the major Respiratory diseases. COPD (which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema) results in many hospital admissions. Respiratory diseases can also be caused by environmental factors (such as pollution, or housing conditions) and influenza. Respiratory disease mortality rates show a socio-economic gradient. Directly Age-Standardised Rates (DASR) are shown in the data, where numbers are sufficient, so that death rates can be directly compared between areas. The DASR calculation applies Age-specific rates to a Standard (European) population to cancel out possible effects on crude rates due to different age structures among populations, thus enabling direct comparisons of rates. A limitation on using mortalities as a proxy for prevalence of health conditions is that mortalities may give an incomplete view of health conditions in an area, as ill-health might not lead to premature death. Data source: Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID) Public Health Outcomes Framework (PHOF) indicator 4.07i. This data is updated annually.本数据集展示了按性别分类的、因呼吸系统疾病（Respiratory Disease）导致的年龄未满75岁的过早死亡数据，包含三年移动平均后的死亡人数与死亡率。 吸烟是慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease，简称COPD）的主要致病因素，而COPD是主要呼吸系统疾病之一。COPD涵盖慢性支气管炎与肺气肿，可导致大量住院病例。 呼吸系统疾病也可由环境因素（如污染、居住条件）及流感诱发。呼吸系统疾病死亡率存在社会经济梯度差异。 当样本量充足时，本数据将提供直接年龄标准化率（Directly Age-Standardised Rates，简称DASR），以便在不同地区间直接对比死亡率。DASR的计算方式为：将各年龄别死亡率应用于标准欧洲人口，以消除不同人群年龄结构差异对粗死亡率的影响，从而实现死亡率的直接可比。 将死亡率作为健康状况患病率的替代指标存在局限性：由于疾病状态未必会导致过早死亡，因此死亡率可能无法完整反映某一地区的整体健康状况。 数据来源：健康改善与健康差距办公室（Office for Health Improvement and Disparities，简称OHID）公共卫生结果框架（Public Health Outcomes Framework，简称PHOF）指标4.07i。本数据集每年更新一次。