Labour Force Survey, September 2018 [Canada] [Rebased 2025]

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) provides estimates of employment and unemployment which are among the most timely and important measures of the performance of the Canadian economy. With the release of the survey results only 10 days after data are collected, the LFS is the first of Statistics Canada’s major monthly economic reports to be released. The methodology of the LFS is optimized to produce reliable information about month-to-month changes in key labour market indicators, such as the employment and unemployment rates.<br><br>Statistics Canada has an established history of applying a standard revision to its LFS estimates following the release of final population estimates from the most recent census. Data are revised to adopt the most recent geography, industry and occupation classifications; to take advantage of recent observations to fine-tune seasonal adjustment factors; or to introduce methodological enhancements. These revisions ensure that survey estimates accurately reflect the Canadian labour market, while having minimal impact on the comparability of labour market indicators, such as employment, unemployment, and participation rates over time. Updates made as part of this revision maintain coherence in the estimates of month-to-month and year-over-year changes.<br><br>The purpose of this document is to explain each of the revisions implemented in January 2025. It should be noted that these changes do not involve modifications to the questionnaire nor to the survey content. The following is a summary of each change:<ul><br><li><b>Population rebasing</b>: Until December 2024, the series of labour force estimates had been based on population control totals, derived from 2016 Census data (adjusted for net undercoverage). As of January 2025, the estimates have been adjusted to reflect population data from the 2021 Census and its coverage studies.</li><li><b>Geographical boundaries</b>: Census metropolitan areas (CMAs), economic regions (ERs), census agglomerations (CAs), and census subdivisions (CSDs) are now based on Standard Geographical Classification (SGC) 2021 - Volume I, The Classification. With this change, six new CMAs have been added (Fredericton, New Brunswick; Drummondville, Quebec; Red Deer, Alberta; Kamloops, Chilliwack, and Nanaimo, British Columbia). Boundaries for Employment Insurance Economic Regions (EIERs) remain unchanged. These new geographic areas are used starting from January 2011.</li><li><b>Gender</b>: To align with the departmental standard Classification of gender, LFS estimates now incorporate the concept of gender, which was introduced in the 2021 Census of Population and added to the LFS questionnaire in January 2022. As such, LFS data are based on sex of person up to December 2021 and gender of person from January 2022 onward. Although gender and sex at birth are two different concepts, this change does not cause a significant break in the trend because the two concepts produce very similar distributions. All data products from the LFS now adopt the term “gender” for all years and periods.</li><li><b>Industry and occupation classification update</b>: The LFS now uses the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Canada 2022 Version 1.0. Improvements were also made to the historical coding of occupation using National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 Version 1.0. These changes have minimal impact on estimates in published data tables and are primarily observed in the microdata and some custom tabulations. Revisions were extended back to 1987 for industry and 1998 for occupation.</li><li>Updates to landing month variable for immigrants.</li></ul>

劳动力调查（Labour Force Survey, LFS）提供的就业与失业估计数据，是衡量加拿大经济运行状况最及时、最重要的指标之一。该调查于数据采集完成仅10天后便发布结果，是加拿大统计局（Statistics Canada）首批发布的月度主要经济报告。LFS的方法论经过优化，可生成关键劳动力市场指标（如就业率与失业率）的月度变化可靠信息。<br><br>加拿大统计局有着基于最新人口普查最终估计结果，对LFS估计数据进行标准修订的既定惯例。数据修订工作涵盖采用最新的地理、行业与职业分类标准，利用最新观测数据微调季节调整因子，以及引入方法论改进。此类修订可确保调查估计数据准确反映加拿大劳动力市场状况，同时尽可能降低劳动力市场指标（如就业、失业与参与率）在跨时期比较中的影响。本次修订所做的更新，可维持月度与同比变化估计的连贯性。<br><br>本文档旨在说明2025年1月实施的各项修订内容。需说明的是，本次修订未涉及调查问卷或调查内容的修改。以下为各项变更的汇总：<ul><br><li><b>人口基准更新（Population rebasing）</b>：截至2024年12月，劳动力估计序列均基于2016年人口普查数据（经净覆盖不足调整后）推导得到的人口控制总量。自2025年1月起，估计数据已调整为采用2021年人口普查及其覆盖研究的人口数据。</li><li><b>地理边界更新</b>：普查都会区（Census Metropolitan Areas, CMAs）、经济区域（Economic Regions, ERs）、普查集聚区（Census Agglomerations, CAs）以及普查分区（Census Subdivisions, CSDs）现已采用《标准地理分类（Standard Geographical Classification, SGC）2021 第一卷：分类标准》。本次调整新增6个普查都会区：新不伦瑞克省弗雷德里克顿、魁北克省德拉蒙德维尔、阿尔伯塔省雷德迪尔，以及不列颠哥伦比亚省的坎卢普斯、奇利瓦克和纳奈莫。就业保险经济区域（Employment Insurance Economic Regions, EIERs）的边界保持不变。上述新地理区域自2011年1月起启用。</li><li><b>性别维度调整</b>：为契合部门标准性别分类，LFS估计数据现已纳入性别概念——该概念于2021年人口普查中首次引入，并于2022年1月加入LFS调查问卷。据此，2021年12月及之前的LFS数据基于个体出生时的性别（sex），2022年1月及之后的数据则基于个体性别（gender）。尽管出生性别与性别是两个不同概念，但由于二者的分布特征高度相似，本次调整并未对趋势造成显著断裂。目前LFS所有数据产品在所有年份与时期均统一使用"gender"这一术语。</li><li><b>行业与职业分类更新</b>：LFS现已采用《北美行业分类系统（North American Industry Classification System, NAICS）加拿大2022 第1.0版》。同时，利用《国家职业分类（National Occupational Classification, NOC）2021 第1.0版》对职业历史编码进行了优化。本次调整对已发布数据表中的估计数据影响极小，主要体现在微观数据与部分定制制表中。行业分类的修订追溯至1987年，职业分类的修订则追溯至1998年。</li><li>移民入境月份变量更新。</li></ul>