Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD 1869

Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869 (Figs 97, 106–108) Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869: 100; HAROLD 1871: 18 (as synonym of lugubris). Aphodius (Ammoecius) terminatus: SCHMIDT 1922: 69 (as synonym of lugubris); ENDRŐDI & RAKOVIČ 1981: 42 (as synonym of lugubris); DELLACASA M. 1988: 207 (as synonym of lugubris). Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycis ENDRŐDI, 1980: 34; DELLACASA M. 1988: 339, syn. n. Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycoides ENDRŐDI, 1980: 34; DELLACASA M. 1988: 339, syn. n. Type locality: Cap. [Cape Town, South Africa.] Type depository: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Type material: Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869: lectotype, (female, MNHNP), herewith designated, bearing the following labels: 1) white, handwritten: Cap. A. viduus Dej; 2) white, handwritten by Harold: terminatus Typ. Hrld; 3) white, printed: Ex Musaeo E. Harold; 4) red, printed: TYPE; 5) red, handwritten: Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869, Lectotype f, P. Bordat des. 2001. Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycis ENDRŐDI, 1980: holotype (male, TMP): S. Afr. Namaq Coast, Gemsbok vlakte. Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycoides ENDRŐDI, 1980: holotype (female, TMP): S. Afr. Namaq Coast, Gemsbok vlakte. Description – Length 3.5–5.5 mm. Oblong, convex, shiny, glabrous (Fig. 97). Piceous-black; clypeal margin, sides of pronotum and elytra more or less widely brown-reddish; legs dark brownish; antennal club dark testaceous. Head with cupuliform epistoma coarsely and regularly punctured to the arcuate, rather elongate and distinctly raised anterior carina in front of which the punctation is rather fine and sparse; clypeus widely sinuate at middle, subdenticulate and upturned at sides, latter feebly curved and thinly bordered; genae obtusely rounded, elongately ciliate, feebly protruding more than eyes; frontal suture distinctly impressed; frons coarsely and regularly punctured, faintly depressed at middle; epipharynx Fig. 106. Pronotum transverse, strongly convex, simply, regularly and almost coarsely punctured, punctation somewhat denser on sides; latter moderately arcuate, distinctly bordered, maximum width near base; hind angles subtruncate; base faintly bisinuate, rather thickly bordered. Scutellum regularly triangular, at base as wide as two first elytral interstices, sparsely punctured on basal half. Elytra rather elongate, moderately widened backward, almost imperceptibly denticulate at shoulder; striae fine and faintly crenulate on disc, somewhat wider and not crenulate at all toward apex; interstices nearly flat on disc, moderately convex preapically, finely and sparsely punctured. Hind tibiae with superior apical spur longer than first tarsal segment; latter faintly shorter than following three combined. Male: inferior apical spur of middle tibiae shortened, abruptly inwardly curved apically; aedeagus: Figs 107–108. Female: inferior apical spur of middle tibiae elongate and regularly acuminate toward apex. Distribution: South Africa (Northern and Western Cape Province, Namaqualand). Remarks – HAROLD (1869: 100) described Ammoecius terminatus comparing it with A. lugubris BOHEMAN, but later (1871: 18) he considered them synonyms. Subsequent authors did not verify this synonymy, and accepted HAROLD’ s decision. Based on a study of the types, P. BORDAT determined that they are two different species. In 1980, ENDRŐDI described Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycis and Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycoides comparing them with Aphodius (Ammoecius?) brevitarsis PÉRINGUEY. The examination of the type material showed that distinguishing characters mentioned by ENDRŐDI (e.g. shape of elytral striae) for separating A. orycis from A. orycoides are inadequate, resulting in the decision that they are junior synonyms of Ammoecius terminatus. On the other hand, BORDAT (1990: 135) moved Aphodius brevitarsis from Ammoecius to Australaphodius based on its morpho-anatomical characteristics.Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869（图97、106—108） 原记载：HAROLD, 1869: 100；HAROLD, 1871: 18（将其列为 lugubris 的同物异名）。 Aphodius (Ammoecius) terminatus：SCHMIDT, 1922: 69（列为 lugubris 的同物异名）；ENDRODI & RAKOVSKÝ, 1981: 42（列为 lugubris 的同物异名）；DELLACASA M., 1988: 207（列为 lugubris 的同物异名）。 Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycis ENDROEDI, 1980: 34；DELLACASA M., 1988: 339，syn. n.（新同物异名）。 Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycoides ENDROEDI, 1980: 34；DELLACASA M., 1988: 339，syn. n.（新同物异名）。 模式产地：好望角[南非开普敦]。 模式标本保存地：法国国家自然历史博物馆（Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle，巴黎，MNHNP）。 模式标本：Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869，选模（雌虫，MNHNP），特此指定，标本附以下标签：1）白色手写标签：Cap. A. viduus Dej；2）白色手写标签（HAROLD书写）：terminatus Typ. Hrld；3）白色印刷标签：Ex Musaeo E. Harold；4）红色印刷标签：TYPE；5）红色手写标签：Ammoecius terminatus HAROLD, 1869, 选模 ♀, P. Bordat des. 2001。 Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycis ENDROEDI, 1980：正模（雄虫，TMP），采集地：南非纳马夸海岸，Gemsbok vlakte。 Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycoides ENDROEDI, 1980：正模（雌虫，TMP），采集地：南非纳马夸海岸，Gemsbok vlakte。 形态描述：体长3.5~5.5 mm。体呈长椭圆形，隆起，具光泽，无毛（图97）。体色黑褐至黑色；唇基边缘、前胸背板侧缘及鞘翅侧缘或多或少呈红棕色；足暗褐色；触角棒暗黄褐色。头部额唇基区呈杯状，刻点粗糙且排列规整，延伸至弧形、稍长且明显隆起的前隆脊，该隆脊前方的刻点细疏；唇基中部宽凹，侧缘具微齿并上翘，侧缘略呈弧形，具细窄边框；颊部钝圆，具细长纤毛，略突出于复眼；额缝清晰凹陷；额区刻点粗密规整，中部略凹陷；内唇见图106。前胸背板横宽，强烈隆起，刻点简单规整且大致粗糙，侧区刻点稍密；侧缘呈适度弧形，具明显边框，最宽位置近基部；后角近截形；基部略呈双凹状，边框较粗。小盾片呈规整三角形，基部宽度与鞘翅前2条沟间距之和相当，基半部具稀疏刻点。鞘翅略延长，向后适度加宽，肩部几无微齿；鞘翅盘区的刻点沟细弱并具微齿状皱折，向端部逐渐变宽且无皱折；沟间区在盘区近于平坦，端前区略隆起，具细疏刻点。后胫节的端背距长于第1跗节；第1跗节略短于其后3个跗节的总长度。雄虫：中胫节的端下腹距缩短，端部突然向内弯曲；雄虫外生殖器见图107—108。雌虫：中胫节的端下腹距细长，向端部逐渐变尖。 分布：南非（北开普省、西开普省，纳马夸兰地区）。 讨论：HAROLD（1869: 100）在描述Ammoecius terminatus时，将其与A. lugubris BOHEMAN进行比较，但后续（1871: 18）他将二者视为同物异名。后续学者未验证该同物异名关系，直接沿用了HAROLD的结论。基于对模式标本的研究，P. BORDAT确认二者为两个独立物种。 1980年，ENDROEDI发表了Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycis与Aphodius (Ammoecius) orycoides两个新种，并将其与Aphodius (Ammoecius?) brevitarsis PÉRINGUEY进行比较。对模式标本的检视发现，ENDROEDI用于区分A. orycis与A. orycoides的鉴别特征（如鞘翅刻点沟形态）并不充分，因此将二者定为Ammoecius terminatus的新同物异名。此外，BORDAT（1990: 135）基于形态解剖特征，将Aphodius brevitarsis从Ammoecius属转入Australaphodius属。