Demand-Side Grid (dsgrid) TEMPO Light-Duty Vehicle Charging Profiles v2022

Simulated hourly electric vehicle charging profiles for light-duty household passenger vehicles in the contiguous United States, 2018-2050. Profiles are differentiated by scenario, county, household and vehicle types, and charging type. Data was produced in 2022 using the Transportation Energy & Mobility Pathway Options (TEMPO) model and published in demand-side grid (dsgrid) toolkit format. Data are available for three adoption scenarios: "AEO Reference Case", which is aligned with the U.S. EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2018 (linked below), "EFS High Electrification", which is aligned with the High Electrification scenario of the Electrification Futures Study (linked below), and "All EV Sales by 2035", which assumes that average passenger light-duty EV sales reach 50% in 2030 and 100% in 2035. The charging shapes are derived from two key assumptions of which data users should be aware: "ubiquitous charger access", meaning that drivers of vehicles are assumed to have access to a charger whenever a trip is not in progress, and "immediate charging", meaning that immediately after trip completion, vehicles are plugged in and charge until they are either fully recharged or taken on another trip. These assumptions result in a bounding case in which vehicles' state of charge is maximized at all times. This bounding case would minimize range anxiety, but is unrealistic from the point of view of both electric vehicle service equipment (EVSE) (i.e., charger) access, and plug-in behavior as it can result in dozens of charging sessions per week for battery electric vehicles (BEVs) that in reality are often only plugged in a few times per week.

本数据集涵盖2018至2050年美国本土轻型家用乘用车辆的逐小时电动汽车充电模拟曲线。该类曲线依据情景、县域、家庭与车辆类型以及充电类型进行差异化划分。数据集于2022年通过交通能源与出行路径选择（Transportation Energy & Mobility Pathway Options, TEMPO）模型生成，并以需求侧电网（demand-side grid, dsgrid）工具包格式发布。数据集包含三种推广情景：其一为"AEO参考情景"，该情景与美国能源信息署（U.S. EIA）2018年年度能源展望（链接见下文）保持一致；其二为"EFS高电气化情景"，该情景与电气化未来研究（Electrification Futures Study, EFS）的高电气化情景保持一致（链接见下文）；其三为"2035年全面电动化情景"，该情景假设轻型乘用电动汽车的销量占比将于2030年达到50%，2035年实现100%纯电动化。充电曲线的推导基于两项关键假设，数据使用者需予以关注：一是"充电桩全域可及"，即假设车辆驾驶员可在非行车时段随时获取充电桩使用权；二是"即时充电"，即车辆在行程结束后立即插接充电桩并开始充电，直至完全充满或开启下一次行程。上述假设将生成一种边界情景，在此情景中车辆的电池荷电状态（State of Charge, SOC）始终处于最大化水平。该边界情景可最大限度缓解里程焦虑，但从电动车辆充电设备（Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment, EVSE）的配置与使用角度，以及实际充电插接行为来看，该情景并不符合现实：例如纯电动汽车（Battery Electric Vehicles, BEVs）在此假设下每周可能产生数十次充电会话，而实际场景中这类车辆每周通常仅插接充电数次。