Juliano Moreira: the black Brazilian who greatly influenced the modern school of Neurology in Brazil

Abstract Juliano Moreira was a black Brazilian physician, well recognized for his role in the foundation of scientific psychiatry in Brazil; however, little is known about his influences on modern Neurology. Our aim is to highlight Moreira’s importance in the field of Neurology and his role in the development of scientific and medical societies in Brazil. We describe his contributions from his doctoral thesis in 1891 to his 27-year tenure as the director of the National Hospice for the Insane. We also review Moreira’s role in the foundation of societies including the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and the first Brazilian journal dedicated to Neuropsychiatry, concluding that Moreira was one of the most important influential figures for the development of Neurology in Brazil. In addition to his influences on various medical fields, Moreira distinguished himself as an impactful citizen who fought against racist and xenophobic medical theories of his time.

朱利亚诺·莫雷拉（Juliano Moreira）是巴西黑人医师，因奠定巴西科学精神病学的发展基础而广受认可，但学界对其在现代神经病学领域的影响力却所知甚少。本研究旨在凸显莫雷拉在神经病学领域的重要地位，及其对巴西科学与医学社团发展所起到的关键作用。我们梳理了他自1891年完成博士论文起，直至担任巴西国家精神病收容所（National Hospice for the Insane）院长、任期长达27年期间的各项学术贡献。此外，我们还回顾了莫雷拉在巴西科学院（Brazilian Academy of Sciences）以及巴西首份专注于神经精神病学（Neuropsychiatry）的专业期刊创办过程中所发挥的作用，最终得出结论：莫雷拉是推动巴西神经病学发展的最重要影响力人物之一。除了对诸多医学领域产生深远影响之外，莫雷拉同样凭借作为一名富有担当的公民，对抗其所处时代的种族主义与排外主义医学理论而声名卓著。