Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications, 1998

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P><br>The Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications (SETA98) research project was commissioned by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) and the Employment Tribunal Service (ETS). The study was conducted by the National Centre for Social Research. <br>
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The aims of the survey were to bring up to date the findings of a previous survey, the 'Survey of Industrial Tribunal Applications', conducted in 1992 (the specific data for this survey is unavailable) on the characteristics of the parties involved in tribunal cases, and to collect more detailed information on what were considered to be the principal factors that determined the outcome and durations of employment tribunal cases. These factors included: <br>
<li>the reason for the dispute;</li><br>
<li>the use of workplace disciplinary and grievance procedures;</li><br>
<li>sources of advice and representation;</li> <br>
<li>the role of ACAS;</li><br>
<li>the direct costs incurred by parties;</li><br>
<li>and the consequences of the case.<br>
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SETA98 included five of the major employment tribunal jurisdictions, based on the main jurisdiction identified in the ETS records of the case. These five jurisdictions were as follows: <br>
<li>Unfair dismissal;</li><br>
<li>Breach of contract;</li><br>
<li>Wages Act;</li><br>
<li>Discrimination on the grounds of sex and race;</li><br>
<li>Redundancy payments.</li><br>
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The sample for the survey was drawn from ETS records of applications, and either the applicant or employer was selected for interview. Interviews were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). Depending upon the main jurisdiction in their case respondents completed either a Core or a longer Depth variant of the questionnaires.<br>
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As a supplement to SETA98, a survey of professional advisors/representatives who had represented respondents during the tribunals covered in SETA98 was also undertaken, thereby providing an opportunity to consider first-hand the views of practitioners. This study is known as the Survey of Representatives, 1998 (SOR98) and is also held at the UK Data Archive, under SN:5006.<br>
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Three earlier studies regarding employment tribunals have also been conducted on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry: in 1973 (results published 1975), 1978 and 1987. UKDA currently holds the 1973 study under SN: 1518 (Survey of Industrial Tribunals, 1973) and the 1978 study under SN: 1871 (Experience of Industrial Tribunals/Dismissal, 1978), but not the 1987 study. These earlier studies are mentioned in the documentation for SETA98.<br><br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><br>The dataset combines all responses for SETA98. It includes data from both the Depth and Core variants of the Applicant and Employer surveys. There are 1408 productive interviews with applicants and 1300 interviews with employers. The supporting documentation includes a guide to the Combined Questionnaire structure (based on the Applicant Depth variant). The following topics were covered in the survey:<br>
<li>characteristics of all parties involved in the case;</li><br>
<li>the case and the application;</li><br>
<li>advice and representation</li><br>
<li>arbitration services (ACAS)</li><br>
<li>outcomes</li><br>
<li>interlocutory events</li><br>
<li>full tribunal hearing</li><br>
<li>appeals and reviews</li><br>
<li>costs and benefits</li><br>
<li>aftermath of the case and respondents' feelings as to the outcome.</li><br>
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Unfortunately several problems with the CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) script programming meant that the data quality standards fall short of what might be hoped for such in such an important study. The very degree of complexity involved in the proposed survey design and methodology, combined with numerous failures in the routing systems, has resulted in the collection of data in certain cases that are inappropriate and also the non-collection of data in cases where it would be appropriate.<br>
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Users are advised to read the supporting documentation very carefully before using these data.<br>

本数据集摘要版权归英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service）及数据采集版权所有者所有。
<br>雇佣法庭申请调查（Survey of Employment Tribunal Applications, SETA98）研究项目由英国贸易工业部（Department of Trade and Industry, DTI）、咨询调解仲裁署（Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, ACAS）以及雇佣法庭服务署（Employment Tribunal Service, ETS）联合委托开展，由英国国家社会研究中心负责执行。
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<br>本次调查旨在更新1992年开展的前期同名调查——《产业法庭申请调查》（其具体数据目前无法获取）的研究成果，该前期调查聚焦雇佣法庭案件涉案方的特征；同时本次调查还将收集更为详实的信息，以剖析影响雇佣法庭案件审理结果与审理时长的核心因素。相关核心因素包括：
<br><li>纠纷起因；</li>
<br><li>职场惩戒与申诉程序的使用情况；</li>
<br><li>咨询与代理服务的获取渠道；</li>
<br><li>咨询调解仲裁署的介入角色；</li>
<br><li>涉案方承担的直接诉讼成本；</li>
<br><li>案件的后续影响。</li>
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<br>SETA98覆盖英国雇佣法庭五大核心管辖范畴，范畴划分依据ETS案件记录中的主管辖类型确定，具体包括：
<br><li>不当解雇；</li>
<br><li>合同违约；</li>
<br><li>《工资法案》相关纠纷；</li>
<br><li>性别与种族歧视；</li>
<br><li>裁员补偿金。</li>
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<br>本次调查的样本从ETS的申请记录中抽取，选取涉案申请人或雇主其中一方进行访谈。访谈采用计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, CATI）方式开展。根据受访者案件的主管辖类型，受访者需填写核心版问卷或内容更详实的深度版问卷。
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<br>作为SETA98的补充调研，本次项目还针对在SETA98覆盖的法庭案件中为受访者提供代理服务的专业咨询/代理人员开展了调查，以此获取实务从业者的一手视角。该补充研究名为《1998年代理人员调查》（Survey of Representatives 1998, SOR98），同样存档于英国数据档案馆（UK Data Archive），存档编号为SN:5006。
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<br>英国贸易工业部此前还开展过三项针对雇佣法庭的相关研究，分别完成于1973年（研究结果于1975年发布）、1978年及1987年。英国数据档案馆目前存档了1973年的《1973年产业法庭调查》（存档编号SN:1518）与1978年的《1978年产业法庭经历/解雇相关调查》（存档编号SN:1871），但未收录1987年的研究。SETA98的配套文档中提及了上述三项早期研究。
<br><br><b>核心主题</b>：<BR><br>本数据集整合了SETA98的全部有效回收数据，涵盖申请人与雇主调研的核心版及深度版问卷的全部信息。本次调查共完成1408份申请人有效访谈与1300份雇主有效访谈。配套文档包含基于申请人深度版问卷编制的《合并问卷结构指南》。本次调查覆盖以下主题：
<br><li>案件所有涉案方的特征；</li>
<br><li>案件与申请情况；</li>
<br><li>咨询与代理服务；</li>
<br><li>仲裁服务（咨询调解仲裁署）；</li>
<br><li>审理结果；</li>
<br><li>中间程序事项；</li>
<br><li>正式庭审；</li>
<br><li>上诉与复核程序；</li>
<br><li>诉讼成本与收益；</li>
<br><li>案件后续影响及受访者对审理结果的观感。</li>
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<br>遗憾的是，计算机辅助电话访谈脚本编程存在多处问题，导致本项重要研究的数据质量未达预期。本次调查的设计方案与方法论本身复杂度极高，加之路由系统多次出现故障，最终导致部分案件收集了不恰当的数据，同时部分本应采集数据的案件未能完成数据采集。
<br> <br>建议使用者在使用本数据集前仔细阅读配套文档。