New spiders (Araneae: Palpimanoidea) from the Jurassic Yanliao Biota of China

Several new spider specimens, belonging to the superfamily Palpimanoidea, are described from the Middle–Upper Jurassic Haifanggou Formation (early assemblage of the Yanliao Biota) of Inner Mongolia, China. Two new genera and species, and a new species in the genus Sinaranea Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008, are described. Caestaranea jurassica gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of several adult males, typified by boxing-glove shaped pedipalps, as well as females and juveniles. Onychopalpus thomisoides gen. et sp. nov. is the largest palpimanoid known, and its habitus resembles that of a crab spider (Thomisidae) in having large, laterigrade anterior legs with rows of macrosetae on the femora and a squat, rotund opisthosoma. However, the distinctive adult male pedipalp bears a pectinate claw, so the holotype specimen is a subadult male; the other specimens referred to this species are smaller juveniles. Three new specimens of Sinaranea metaxyostraca Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008, including two adult males, are described here, and the new species S. brevicrus sp. nov., which has shorter legs than the type species, is described from an adult male and an adult female. These new palpimanoids substantially increase the diversity of the superfamily in the Middle Jurassic, and the unusual Onychopalpus provides evidence for a different mode of life for these spiders. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7726F4B-349E-4C2B-960D-371C27A6B77F

本文记述了采自中国内蒙古中侏罗世-晚侏罗世海房沟组（燕辽生物群早期组合）的数枚隶属于派卜蛛总科（Palpimanoidea）的蜘蛛新标本。本次研究共描述2个新属新种，以及希娜蛛属（Sinaranea Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008）的1个新物种。侏罗新拳蛛（Caestaranea jurassica gen. et sp. nov.）基于多件成年雄性标本（以拳套状触肢为典型特征），同时包含雌性与幼体标本被正式记述。拟蟹爪须蛛（Onychopalpus thomisoides gen. et sp. nov.）是目前已知体型最大的派卜蛛总科物种，其躯体外形酷似蟹蛛科（Thomisidae）物种：具有大型前足，前足为侧伸式，股骨上布有成排的大型刚毛，且腹部矮胖圆润。然而，该物种标志性的成年雄性触肢带有栉状爪，因此其正模标本为亚成体雄性；其余归入该种的标本均为体型更小的幼体。本文还记述了3件希娜蛛属物种Sinaranea metaxyostraca Selden, Huang & Ren, 2008的标本，其中包含2件成年雄性标本；同时描述了新种短肢希娜蛛（S. brevicrus sp. nov.），该新种相较于模式种腿部更短，其描述标本为1件成年雄性与1件成年雌性。这些新发现的派卜蛛总科物种极大丰富了中侏罗世该总科的物种多样性，而形态特殊的爪须蛛属（Onychopalpus）物种为这类蜘蛛的差异化生存模式提供了实证。http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D7726F4B-349E-4C2B-960D-371C27A6B77F