Growth of Sesame as Influence by Varieties and Plant Extracts on the Control of Cercospora sp. in Ardo-Kola and Gassol, Taraba State, Nigeria

Field trial was conducted at Ardokola (Latitude 080 53′N and Longitude 110 19′E) and Gassol (Latitude 08o 31′N and Longitude 10o 33′E) 2012 to investigate the influence of four cultivars (Yandev 55, NCRIBEN 01M, E8 and NCRIBEN-03L) and five plant extracts (Azadirachtaindica, Jatrophacurcas Linn., Aliumsativum,Ocimumgratissimum(L.,Chromolaenaodorata) and Benomylincluding unsprayed control on Cercosporasesami on sesame growth parameters. The trial was designed using randomized complete block design (RCRD) in a split plot arrangement in allocating treatments to plots which was replicated four times. In both locations sesame plants were sprayed with 10% extracts once in every two weeks using hand sprayer from 4 to 10 weeks after sowing. Results obtained showed that plant extracts (Ocimum, Chromolaena), which had statistical similarities with Benlate help to significantly reduced incidence of infection of Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease on sesame and slow down epiphytotic rate of progress, which subsequently resulted in to significant increase in plant height (cm) and branches per plant at both locations. Furthermore, variety E8 was found to be resistant to Cercospora leaf spot. Similarly, interaction effect indicated that E8 seedlings sprayed with plant extract from Ocimumgratissimum and Chromolaenaodorata gave the lowest incidence and infection rate, compared with the highest disease obtained from unsprayed plants of Yandev 55 variety. This had resulted in highest increase of plant height (cm) and branches per plant. From this study it could be seen that the performance of the plant extracts is comparable to the synthetic fungicide Benomyl, and therefore this has given the farmers ample opportunities to try many alternatives that are user friendly. Therefore, plant extracts and crop varieties can be used as a potential tool in plant disease management, particularly Cercospora leaf spot of sesame, as sustainable and ecofriendly botanical fungicides that are economically and environmentally rewarding for sesame and other crop producers.

本田间试验于2012年在Ardokola（北纬08°53′，东经110°19′）与Gassol（北纬08°31′，东经10°33′）两地开展，旨在探究4个芝麻品种（Yandev 55、NCRIBEN 01M、E8、NCRIBEN-03L）、5种植物提取物（印楝Azadirachta indica、麻疯树Jatropha curcas Linn.、大蒜Allium sativum、罗勒Ocimum gratissimum L.、香泽兰Chromolaena odorata）、苯菌灵（Benomyl）及不喷施对照组对芝麻受芝麻尾孢（Cercospora sesami）为害及芝麻生长参数的影响。试验采用裂区布置的随机完全区组设计（Randomized Complete Block Design, RCBD，原文标注为RCRD），将处理分配至小区并设置4次重复。两地均在播种后4至10周内，每两周使用手动喷雾器喷施1次10%的提取物溶液。试验结果显示，罗勒与香泽兰提取物的防效与苯菌灵（Benlate）无统计学差异，可显著降低芝麻尾孢叶斑病（Cercospora Leaf Spot, CLS）的发病率，延缓病害流行速率，进而显著提升两地芝麻的株高（cm）与单株分枝数。此外，品种E8对尾孢叶斑病表现为抗病性。交互效应分析表明，喷施罗勒与香泽兰提取物的E8幼苗发病率与感染速率最低，而病情最严重的组合为未喷施药剂的Yandev 55品种，该组合同时实现了最高的株高与单株分枝数提升。本研究证实，植物提取物的防效可与合成杀菌剂苯菌灵相媲美，为农户提供了诸多便捷易用的替代方案。因此，植物提取物与作物品种可作为植物病害绿色防控的潜在工具，尤其针对芝麻尾孢叶斑病，这类可持续且生态友好的植物源杀菌剂在经济与环境层面均能为芝麻及其他作物种植者带来可观收益。