Dall'asiento ai codes noirs: i tentativi di normativizzazione della schiavit� (sec. XV-XVIII)

Between the XV and XVII century in the American colonies there was an influx of forced slave labor from Africa. Portugal, France, Spain and England were the protagonists of this slave trade or triangular trade fueled by the cultivation of sugar cane and due to the extinction of Amerindian populations. In these areas the need to regulate legally the lives of slaves produced a particular legislation: the black codes. In this work is analyzed and compared the origin of this legislation, starting from the Spanish asientos up to the French code noir, the Americans black codes and the Caroline codigo, a collection of rules about the slaves, but it never entered into force. The paper focuses on a particular profile of the history of human rights in the modern age that will have its effect until the middle of the twentieth century.

15至17世纪，美洲殖民地涌入了来自非洲的强迫性奴隶劳工。葡萄牙、法国、西班牙与英国是这场以甘蔗种植为核心驱动力、因美洲原住民人口灭绝而催生的奴隶贸易（即三角贸易）的主导者。在此类区域，为从法律层面规制奴隶的生存状况，催生了一类特殊立法：黑人法典（Black Codes）。本研究对该类立法的起源展开分析与比较，研究范围涵盖西班牙的asientos、法国的《黑人法典》（Code Noir）、美国黑人法典，以及一部从未正式生效的奴隶规制汇编《卡罗莱纳法典》（Caroline Codigo）。本研究聚焦近代人权史中一条特殊的脉络，其影响延续至20世纪中期。