Replication Data for: Media Outlets and Their Moguls: Why Concentrated Individual or Family Ownership Is Bad for Editorial Independence

This article investigates the levels of owner influence in 211 different print and broadcast outlets in 32 different European media markets. Drawing on the literature from industrial organization, it sets out reasons why we should expect greater levels of influence where ownership of individual outlets is concentrated, where it is concentrated in the hands of individuals or families and where ownership groups own multiple outlets in the same media market. Conversely, we should expect lower levels of influence where ownership is dispersed between transnational companies. The article uses original data on the ownership structures of these outlets and combines it with reliable expert judgements as to the level of owner influence in each of the outlets. These hypotheses are tested and confirmed in a multilevel regression model of owner influence. The findings are relevant for policy on ownership limits in the media and for the debate over transnational versus local control of media.

本文针对32个欧洲传媒市场内的211家平面与广播电视媒体机构的所有者影响力水平展开系统性研究。依托产业组织学领域的既有文献，本文阐释了如下场景下所有者影响力理应更强的理论逻辑：单一媒体机构的所有权高度集中、所有权掌握于个人或家族手中，以及同一传媒市场内的所有权集团控股多家媒体机构。反之，当所有权分散于跨国企业之间时，所有者影响力则相对偏弱。本文采用了上述媒体机构所有权结构的原始调研数据，并结合了针对各机构所有者影响力水平的可靠专家研判结果。随后，本文通过所有者影响力的多层回归模型，对上述假说进行了检验与验证。本研究结论对于媒体行业所有权限制相关政策制定，以及围绕媒体跨国管控与本土管控的学术辩论均具备重要参考价值。