Analysis of Preterm Labour and Associated Risk Factors

Background: Preterm birth is a poorly understood field, making it one of the most severe issues pregnant women encounter. Due to the incomplete understanding of the biochemical and molecular causes of preterm birth, numerous authors have shown interest in various risk factors. Aims: This study was conducted to learn the risk factors for preterm birth and to look into the matter for identifying high-risk mothers. Methods: In the present study, 50 cases of preterm labour were admitted to Hi-Tech Medical College over two years, and the perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with preterm births were examined. Results: The majority of patients (62%) were aged 20–24 yrs, and the incidence of PPROM was higher among multigravida (54%) than among primigravida (44%). The most prevalent cause of premature labour was an infection of the lower genital tract or UTI. In 36 cases, a positive vaginal culture was obtained. Positive urine cultures were obtained in 14% of 38 cases, with E. coli being the most common (26%). There were significantly more male infants than female infants. The proportion was 1.57 to 1. RDS was the most prevalent complication among newborns (27.8%). The subsequent conditions were septicemia (9.3%), ICH (7.4%), and birth asphyxia (5.5). Conclusion: Therefore, we can conclude that such risk factors are causing premature births. Planning public education initiatives and considering suitable perinatal care alternatives for women at higher risk for preterm deliveries require understanding these risk factors.      研究背景：早产领域目前仍存在诸多认知空白，是育龄女性面临的最为严重的妊娠并发症之一。由于目前对早产的生化与分子致病机制尚未完全阐明，诸多学者已针对各类早产危险因素展开了相关研究。 研究目的：本研究旨在明确早产的相关危险因素，并探究识别早产高危孕产妇的可行路径。 研究方法：本研究纳入了两年内于高科技医学院（Hi-Tech Medical College）收治的50例早产临产病例，并对与早产相关的围产期死亡率及并发症发生率进行了分析。 研究结果：研究对象中62%的患者年龄介于20~24岁，经产妇（multigravida）的早产胎膜早破（PPROM，Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes）发生率（54%）高于初产妇（primigravida，44%）。早产临产最常见的诱因为下生殖道感染或尿路感染（UTI，Urinary Tract Infection）。36例患者的阴道分泌物培养结果呈阳性；38例患者中14%的尿液培养结果为阳性，其中最常见的致病菌为大肠埃希菌（E. coli），占比达26%。男婴出生率显著高于女婴，男女比例为1.57:1。新生儿最常见的并发症为呼吸窘迫综合征（RDS，Respiratory Distress Syndrome），发生率达27.8%，其余依次为败血症（9.3%）、颅内出血（ICH，Intracranial Hemorrhage）及新生儿窒息（5.5%）。 研究结论：综上，本研究证实上述危险因素与早产的发生密切相关。明确此类危险因素，可为制定早产高危孕产妇的公共宣教方案及优化围产期护理方案提供理论依据。