Soft-templating of hard carbons to produce ordered and disordered Hard carbons.

Carbonized biowaste presents a promising route to producing energy materials in a carbonnegative way, given that the precursor material (i.e. plant material) relies on the conversion ofatmospheric CO2 to sugar molecules. By treating cellulose, starch or other sugar molecules athigh temperature (230 oC) and pressure in aqueous solution, an amorphous high carbon materialis formed. This hydrothermal carbon (HTC) can be further modified to produce battery anodes,water purification filters, supercapacitors, fuel cells and catalyst supports. This process yieldanodes with high capacity for sodium ion batteries, but with relatively poor rate capability. This canbe improved by soft templating the carbon material during the HTC process, thereby introducingnew pore structures. here we propose to measure neutron pdf iwth SANS to better understand theatomic and pore structures.

碳化生物废料为以碳负排放方式制备能源材料提供了极具前景的路径，鉴于其前驱体材料（即植物基原料）需将大气中的二氧化碳转化为糖分子。通过在水溶液中于230℃高温及加压条件下处理纤维素、淀粉或其他糖类分子，可得到一种无定形高碳材料。该水热炭（hydrothermal carbon, HTC）可经进一步改性后用于制备电池负极、净水过滤器、超级电容器、燃料电池及催化剂载体。该工艺制备的钠离子电池负极虽具备高容量，但倍率性能相对较差。可通过在水热炭制备过程中采用软模板法对炭材料进行改性，引入新型孔结构以改善其性能。本研究拟采用小角中子散射（Small Angle Neutron Scattering, SANS）测量中子对分布函数（Neutron Pair Distribution Function, PDF），以更深入地解析其原子结构与孔道结构。