Adaptability and stability of peach and nectarine cultivars in subtropical climate

ABSTRACT Information on adaptability and stability of fruit production in different environments or years is crucial to increasing agricultural production potential. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is interaction between cultivars and years, as well as to assess the stability of peach and nectarine cultivars regarding fruit fresh mass, SS/TA ratio, and cycle length in Viçosa -MG, Brazil. The characteristics fruit fresh mass (FM), soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio (SS/TA), and cycle length (CL) were evaluated in 28 cultivars of peach and two cultivars of nectarine from the orchard of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in 2011, 2012, and 2013. The methods used to determine the phenotypic stability across time were Eberhart & Russell (1966) and the Traditional. The interaction cultivars x years was significant for all traits. Cultivar ‘Josefina’ showed broad adaptability for SS/TA ratio, and cultivars ‘Flordaprince’ and ‘Tropical’ for cycle length. For favorable environments, the cultivars ‘Capdebosq’ and ‘Maciel’ are indicated regarding the characteristic fruit mass, and ‘Coral’ and ‘Talismã’ for SS/TA ratio. ‘Rubimel’ was adaptable to unfavorable environments regarding fruit mass.

摘要 果品生产在不同环境或年度间的适应性与稳定性相关信息，对提升农业生产潜力具有关键意义。因此，本研究旨在评估品种与年份间是否存在互作效应，并以巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州维索萨地区为试验地点，评估桃与油桃品种在果实鲜质量（FM）、可溶性固形物/可滴定酸比值（SS/TA）及生育周期长度（CL）上的稳定性。本研究于2011、2012及2013年，在维索萨联邦大学（Universidade Federal de Viçosa）的试验果园中，对28个桃品种及2个油桃品种的上述3个性状进行了观测与测定。本研究采用Eberhart & Russell（1966）法与传统分析法，开展跨年度表型稳定性评价。品种×年份互作对所有供试性状均达显著水平。‘Josefina’品种在可溶性固形物/可滴定酸比值性状上表现出广泛适应性，‘Flordaprince’与‘Tropical’品种则在生育周期长度性状上表现出广泛适应性。针对优良环境，果实鲜质量性状可选用‘Capdebosq’与‘Maciel’品种，可溶性固形物/可滴定酸比值性状可选用‘Coral’与‘Talismã’品种。‘Rubimel’品种在果实鲜质量性状上具备对不良环境的适应性。