When It HIITs, You Feel No Pain: Psychological and Psychophysiological Effects of Respite–Active Music in High-Intensity Interval Training

AbstractThe authors investigated the effects of respite–active music (i.e., music used for active recovery in between high-intensity exercise bouts) on psychological and psychophysiological outcomes. Participants (<em>N</em> = 24) made four laboratory visits for a habituation, medium- and fast-tempo music conditions, and a no-music control. A high-intensity interval-training protocol comprising 8 × 60-s exercise bouts at 100% <em>W</em>_max with 90-s active recovery was administered. Measures were taken at the end of exercise bouts and recovery periods (rating of perceived exertion [RPE], state attention, and core affect) and then upon cessation of the protocol (enjoyment and remembered pleasure). Heart rate was measured throughout. Medium-tempo music enhanced affective valence during exercise and recovery, while both music conditions increased dissociation (only during recovery), enjoyment, and remembered pleasure relative to control. Medium-tempo music lowered RPE relative to control, but the heart rate results were inconclusive. As predicted, medium-tempo music, in particular, had a meaningful effect on a range of psychological outcomes.<br>Detailed Description of Data File This SPSS data file contains the demographic data (i.e. sex [1 = men, 2 = women], height [cm], weight [kg], BMI, average weekly moderate and vigorous physical activity [hours]) for each of the 23 participants (presented with one participant on each row). Note that one participant was deleted due to multiple univariate outliers (<i>k</i> = 45). The WattMax value from the baseline ramped protocol is included thereafter. Each participant was exposed to three conditions: a) no-music control; b) medium-tempo music (120–125 bpm); and c) fast-tempo music (135–140 bpm). Accordingly, the first block of data columns pertain to control (“CI” for interval and “CR” for recovery), the second block of data columns pertain to medium-tempo music (“MI” for interval and “MR” for recovery), and the third block of data columns pertain to fast-tempo music (“FI” for interval and “FR” for recovery). For each individual stage (interval and recovery) of the HIIT bout, RPE CR10 scores, state attention scores (Tammen, 1996), affective valence scores (Feeling Scale) and arousal scores (Felt Arousal Scale) are listed. These scores are followed by HR measures (peak and average for intervals, low and average for recovery periods). At the end of each condition, participants provided scores for remembered pleasure (200-point scale) and exercise enjoyment (PACES; total scores). Post-experiment scores of music liking for each track and condition appear thereafter. Note, for the measures taken during each HIIT bout, an average score across the entire trial is then included, followed by the same metrics divided into the average for part 1 (interval 1–recovery 4) and part 2 (interval 5–recovery 8). Finally, <i>z</i>-scores (i.e. standardised scores) for each of the aforementioned measures are included on the far right of the data file.

# 摘要
本研究探讨了间歇主动式音乐（respite–active music）——即高强度运动间歇期间用于主动恢复的音乐——对心理及心理生理学指标的影响。24名参与者先后完成4次实验室到访，分别对应习惯化、中速音乐、快速音乐及无音乐对照四种实验条件。实验采用高强度间歇训练（HIIT）方案：完成8组每组60秒、强度为100%最大功率（Wmax）的训练组，组间辅以90秒主动恢复。分别在每组训练结束及恢复阶段采集相关指标，包括自觉劳累分级评分（rating of perceived exertion, RPE）、状态注意力及核心情绪；并在整个训练方案结束后采集运动愉悦感及记忆愉悦度数据。全程监测受试者心率。结果显示，中速音乐可提升训练及恢复阶段的情感效价；相较对照组，两种音乐条件均能提升分离状态（仅在恢复阶段出现）、运动愉悦感及记忆愉悦度。中速音乐相较对照组可降低自觉劳累分级评分，但心率监测结果未呈现显著统计学差异。正如预期，中速音乐尤其对多项心理指标产生了显著影响。

# 数据集文件详细说明
本SPSS格式数据集包含23名参与者的人口统计学信息，具体包括性别（1=男性，2=女性）、身高（cm）、体重（kg）、身体质量指数（BMI）以及每周平均中等及高强度体力活动时长（小时），数据以每行一名参与者的形式排布。需注意：因存在45处单变量异常值，1名参与者被剔除出数据集。后续字段包含来自基线渐增负荷测试的最大功率（WattMax）数值。

每名参与者均接受三种实验条件处理：a）无音乐对照组；b）中速音乐组（120~125次/分钟）；c）快速音乐组（135~140次/分钟）。因此数据集的第一列数据块对应对照组（"CI"代表训练组阶段，"CR"代表恢复阶段），第二列数据块对应中速音乐组（"MI"代表训练组阶段，"MR"代表恢复阶段），第三列数据块对应快速音乐组（"FI"代表训练组阶段，"FR"代表恢复阶段）。

针对高强度间歇训练的每个独立阶段（训练组及恢复阶段），数据集依次列出了自觉劳累分级CR10评分（RPE CR10）、状态注意力评分（Tammen, 1996）、情感效价评分（感受量表）及唤醒度评分（主观唤醒量表）。紧随其后的为心率监测指标：训练组阶段记录峰值心率及平均心率，恢复阶段记录最低心率及平均心率。

每种实验条件结束后，参与者需完成记忆愉悦度评分（采用200分量表）及运动愉悦感评分（采用PACES量表，记录总分）。后续字段为实验结束后参与者对各音乐曲目及对应实验条件的喜爱度评分。

需注意：针对每次高强度间歇训练期间采集的指标，数据集会先记录整个训练过程的平均得分，随后将指标拆分为两部分的平均得分：第一部分（训练组1~恢复组4）及第二部分（训练组5~恢复组8）。最后，数据集最右侧列将包含上述所有指标的标准分数（z-scores，即标准化得分）。