Notice and takedown measure regarding of fair use for newly created work derived from copyrighted work: a comparative of legal provisions in Thailand, the United States and Canada

Due to the significant role the internet plays in people’s communication today, many platforms have emerged and are widely used, such as TikTok, YouTube, and many others. Platforms allow people to create or upload clips, such as dance challenge videos, music video reactions, and movie reviews with short clips from films. Creating such content may lead to copyright infringement, resulting in the removal of the infringing content by internet service providers (ISPs) under the Notice and takedown measures of the Copyright Act No.5 B.E. 2565 (2022). To avoid this, users must comply with terms of service of the platforms. Notice and takedown measure in Section 43/6 of Copyright Act No.5 B.E. 2565 (2022) provides, where copyright owner has reasonable grounds to think that there was copyright infringement on network and the copyright owner may notify internet service providers (ISPs) to remove the allegedly infringing content from network, Copyright owner must consider the provisions of the copyright infringement exceptions while providing notice to internet service providers (ISPs). Fair use exceptions in Section 32 provides, acts involving copyrighted works of others under specific exemptions are not considered copyright infringement if they do not unduly impair the copyright owner's lawful rights or interfere with their ability to normally utilize the copyrighted work. As can be seen, the law does not cover or provideprotection for the types of works mentioned above. This research will discuss the legal problems of Notice and Takedown Measure on issue related to fair use. This research proposes that the act needs to specify legal provision more clearly to avoid excessively restricting users’ rights and to propose appropriate fair use principles for newly created work derived from copyrighted work.

鉴于当前互联网在人类日常社交中发挥的核心作用，各类网络平台应运而生并被广泛使用，例如TikTok、YouTube等。此类平台允许用户创作或上传短视频内容，涵盖舞蹈挑战视频、音乐视频反应类视频以及截取影片片段制作的影评内容。创作此类内容可能引发著作权侵权，进而导致互联网服务提供商（Internet Service Provider，ISP）依据《佛历2565年（公元2022年）第5号泰国著作权法》的通知-移除规则删除侵权内容。为避免此类情况，用户需遵守各平台的服务条款。
《佛历2565年（公元2022年）第5号泰国著作权法》第43/6条所规定的通知-移除规则明确：当著作权人有合理理由认为网络中存在侵权行为时，可通知互联网服务提供商（ISP）移除网络上的疑似侵权内容；在此过程中，著作权人需考量著作权侵权免责条款的相关规定。该法第32条规定的合理使用免责条款明确：若使用他人受著作权保护作品的特定行为未不合理地损害著作权人的合法权益，也未不当干扰其对作品的正常使用，则该行为不构成著作权侵权。
由此可见，前述提及的作品类型并未被该法律纳入保护范围。本研究将围绕与合理使用相关的议题，探讨通知-移除规则所面临的法律问题。本研究建议，应进一步明确相关法律条款，以避免过度限制用户权利，并针对基于受著作权保护作品衍生的新创作内容，提出适配的合理使用准则。