Data from: Parallel cognitive processing streams in human prefrontal cortex: parsing areal-level brain network for response inhibition

Multiple cognitive processes are recruited to achieve adaptive behavior.
However, it is poorly understood how such cognitive processes are
implemented in temporal cascades of human cerebral cortical areas as
processing streams to achieve behavior. In the present study, we identify
cortical processing streams for response inhibition and examine
relationships among the processing streams. Functional magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) and time-resolved single-pulse transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) reveal three distinct critical timings of transient
disruption in the functionally essential cortical areas that belong to two
distinct cerebrocortical networks. Furthermore, single-pulse TMS following
suppression of the ventral posterior inferior frontal cortex (vpIFC) with
repetitive TMS reveals information flow from the vpIFC to the
presupplementary motor area (preSMA) within the same network but not to
the dorsal posterior inferior frontal cortex (dpIFC) across different
networks. These causal behavioral effects suggest two parallel processing
streams (vpIFC-preSMA versus dpIFC-intraparietal sulcus) that act
concurrently during response inhibition.