UNIVERSALIZATION OF THE EDUCATION IN THE BRAZILIAN MUNICIPALITIES

Abstract The educational inequalities in Brazil may be illustrated by the first Census of 1872, which pointed out that 15.11% of the country's population was composed of slaves. In that year, 50.95% of the population was considered illiterate. The related studies to the Brazilian social issue point to the North and Northeast regions as the most vulnerable in the national territory, a dynamic also reflected in educational opportunities. The population of the Northeast region, for example, presents a primary education completion rate of 27.43% lower in relation to the population living in the Southeast region. The Brazilian social inequality manifests itself in different dimensions, such as the cutting out of gender, ethnicity and region. At the municipal level, the percentage representation of the non-conclusion of the primary education is more evident in sparsely populated municipalities, with a predominantly rural population. In this profile of municipality, Youth and Adult Education is an important mechanism for tackling educational inequalities, especially when articulated with social protection policies.

摘要 巴西的教育不平等现象可借助1872年首次全国人口普查得以佐证，该普查数据显示，当时全国15.11%的人口为奴隶。同年，全国50.95%的人口处于文盲状态。针对巴西社会议题的相关研究指出，北部与东北部地区是全国范围内最脆弱的区域，这一社会态势同样反映在教育机会的分配上。以东北部地区为例，该区域人口的初等教育完成率较东南部地区低27.43个百分点。巴西的社会不平等体现在性别、族裔与地域等多个维度。在市级行政层面，初等教育未完成率的占比在人口稀少、以乡村人口为主的市政辖区中更为凸显。在此类市政辖区的背景下，青年与成人教育是应对教育不平等的重要机制，尤其是当其与社会保护政策相结合时。