Prevalence of scapular dyskinesis and shoulder pain in amateur surfers from Rio Grande do Sul: A cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT The paddling movement represents 51.4% of total surfing practice time, generating high muscle demand for the shoulder complex. Despite this, there is a gap on the literature on the prevalence of pain and scapular dyskinesis (SD) in surfers. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of SD and shoulder pain in amateur surfers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is a cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The sample consisted of 21 men, aged between 18 and 42 years, surfing for at least two years. The outcomes evaluated were static SD, dynamic SD, shoulder pain - by the numerical pain rating scale -, pectoralis minor muscle length, and score on the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index. Continuous variables were expressed in mean and standard deviation. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages. Data associations were tested through chi-square test and Pearson correlation test. SD was present in 71.4% of the sample, with a higher prevalence of Type I dyskinesia (57.1%), and 42.9% presented shoulder pain during evaluation. SD was observed in most of the studied population, while pain was present in just under half of the participants. Although SD is a very prevalent find in amateur surfers, no correlation was observed between pain and reduced life quality.

摘要 划水动作占冲浪总练习时长的51.4%，会对肩部复合体造成较高的肌肉负荷。尽管如此，现有文献中关于冲浪爱好者肩部疼痛与肩胛运动功能障碍（scapular dyskinesis, SD）的患病率研究仍存在空白。本研究旨在评估巴西南里奥格兰德州业余冲浪爱好者的肩胛运动功能障碍与肩部疼痛患病率。本研究为横断面描述性观察研究，研究样本共21名男性受试者，年龄介于18至42岁，冲浪时长至少2年。本次评估的指标包括静态肩胛运动功能障碍、动态肩胛运动功能障碍、采用数字疼痛评分量表评估的肩部疼痛情况、胸小肌长度，以及西安大略肩不稳指数（Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index）得分。连续变量以均值与标准差的形式表示，分类变量以百分比形式表示。数据关联性通过卡方检验与皮尔逊相关分析进行检验。结果显示，71.4%的样本存在肩胛运动功能障碍，其中以I型运动功能障碍患病率最高（57.1%），另有42.9%的受试者在评估期间出现肩部疼痛。本研究人群中多数存在肩胛运动功能障碍，而近半数受试者存在肩部疼痛。尽管业余冲浪爱好者中肩胛运动功能障碍的患病率极高，但未观察到疼痛与生活质量下降之间存在相关性。