Individual discrimination within, but not between, two vocalization types of the black-capped chickadee

Many songbird species use individual vocal recognition in their social behaviours. Individual vocal recognition is often assessed using individual discrimination tasks, commonly using an operant conditioning Go/No-go paradigm. Several black-capped chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) vocalizations contain individually distinct features that may be used for individual discrimination. However, not all such vocalizations have been tested for individual recognition with live birds. Additionally, cross-vocalization generalization of learned individual discrimination has not been tested. Such generalizability would be advantageous for chickadees, as chickadees often communicate outside of visual contact and use vocal communication to guide their social interactions. Here we test whether black-capped chickadees can discern the individual identity of callers in black-capped chickadee chick-a-dee calls. We also aim to answer whether chickadees can generalize learned individual discrimination us..., , , # Individual discrimination within, but not between, two vocalization types of the black-capped chickadee

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1ghk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1ghk)

## Description of the data and file structure

We conducted an operant conditioning (Go/No-go paradigm) study to investigate individual discrimination by black-capped chickadees using either *chick-a-dee* calls or *fee-bee* songs. Individual discrimination by black-capped chickadees has previously been demonstrated in *fee-bee* songs, but not in *chick-a-dee* calls. We also tested chickadees' ability to generalize learned individual discrimination from one vocalization type to the other (ie. calls to songs, songs to calls). We initially trained chickadees by rewarding them with food for responding to the calls (True 1) or songs (True 2) of two recorded individuals, and punishing them with 30s of darkness for responding to calls or songs recorded from two other individuals. To test learned individual...,

诸多鸣禽物种在社会互动中会运用个体声音识别能力。个体声音识别通常通过个体辨别任务进行评估，其中最为常用的实验范式为操作性条件反射Go/No-go范式（Go/No-go paradigm）。黑顶山雀（Poecile atricapillus）的多种发声存在个体独有特征，可被用于个体辨别任务。然而，目前尚未有研究通过活体鸟类实验，验证所有此类发声是否可用于个体识别。此外，已习得的个体辨别能力在不同发声类型间的泛化效应，也尚未得到验证。这类泛化能力对黑顶山雀而言具有显著优势：它们常在视觉接触受限的场景中交流，并依靠声音通信来协调社会互动。本研究旨在验证黑顶山雀能否通过自身发出的chick-a-dee叫声（chick-a-dee calls）辨别呼叫者的个体身份。我们同时旨在探究黑顶山雀能否将已习得的个体辨别能力泛化至……

# 黑顶山雀两种发声类型内的个体辨别（而非跨类型辨别）
https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1ghk

## 数据与文件结构说明
本研究采用操作性条件反射Go/No-go范式（Go/No-go paradigm），通过黑顶山雀的chick-a-dee叫声（chick-a-dee calls）与fee-bee鸣唱（fee-bee songs）两类发声，探究其个体辨别能力。此前已有研究证实，黑顶山雀可通过fee-bee鸣唱（fee-bee songs）完成个体辨别，但尚未在chick-a-dee叫声（chick-a-dee calls）中验证该能力。本研究同时测试了黑顶山雀能否将已习得的个体辨别能力，从一种发声类型泛化至另一类（即从叫声泛化至鸣唱，或从鸣唱泛化至叫声）。我们首先对黑顶山雀开展训练：当它们对两名录制个体的叫声（True 1）或鸣唱（True 2）做出反应时，给予食物奖励；而当它们对另外两名录制个体的叫声或鸣唱做出反应时，则施以30秒黑暗作为惩罚。以测试习得的个体辨别……