Pelvic inflammatory disease hospitalizations in Brazil: time trend from 2000 to 2019

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the temporal trend of hospitalizations for pelvic infammatory disease in Brazil and its regions between 2000 and 2019. Methods: longitudinal ecological study with data from the Hospital Information System. The analysis of temporal trends in hospitalization rates by age group was performed using segmented linear regression (joinpoint regression). Both annual percent change total and by age groups were estimated for Brazil and each region. Results: Brazil had an average reduction of 5.2% per year in the period and the age groups most affected were 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years. North region had the highest rates and South and Southeast regions, the lowest. Midwest region had the largest annual average reduction (8.1%), followed by the Northeast (5.7%), Southeast (5.0%), North (4.6%) and South (4.3 %). The only age group that showed a significant increase was that of 10 to 19 years in the Southeast in the period from 2008 to 2019 (0.9%) and in the Northeast in the period from 2014 to 2019 (3.3%). Conclusions: hospitalization due to pelvic infammatory disease has significantly decreased in Brazil. The increase observed for adolescents in the Southeast and Northeast in the most recent period points to problems in the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections in this age group.

摘要
研究目的：评估2000年至2019年巴西及其各区域盆腔炎（pelvic inflammatory disease）住院病例的时间变化趋势。
研究方法：本研究为纵向生态学研究，数据来源于医院信息系统（Hospital Information System）。采用分段线性回归（联结点回归，joinpoint regression）分析按年龄组划分的住院率时间趋势，并针对巴西整体及各区域分别估算总体及按年龄组分的年度百分比变化。
研究结果：2000至2019年期间，巴西整体盆腔炎住院率年均下降5.2%，受影响最显著的年龄组为20~29岁与30~39岁。北部区域住院率最高，南部与东南部区域住院率最低。中西部区域年均降幅最大（8.1%），其次为东北部（5.7%）、东南部（5.0%）、北部（4.6%）与南部（4.3%）。仅有的出现显著上升的年龄组为：东南部地区2008至2019年的10~19岁年龄组（年均上升0.9%），以及东北部地区2014至2019年的10~19岁年龄组（年均上升3.3%）。
研究结论：巴西因盆腔炎所致的住院病例数已显著下降。近期东南部与东北部地区青少年群体出现的住院率上升现象，提示该年龄组的性传播感染（sexually transmitted infections）防控工作存在相关问题。