Growth, yield and fiber quality of cotton color influenced by the plant population

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the productivity and fiber quality of color cotton in different plant populations. Was adopted the design in randomized blocks, in factorial scheme 5 x 8 for the growth variables and unifatorial for the production components, with four replications. The factors were plant populations (125,000; 41,667; 25,000; 17,857; and 13,889 plants ha-1) and evaluation periods (15; 30; 45; 60; 75; 90; 105 and 120 days after emergence). Five different plant densities were used to compose the plant populations, 10; 3.3; 2; 1.42; and 1.1 plants per meter. The experimental units presented 4 m wide, 6 m long and 6 plant lines spaced 0.80 meters between rows and the two central ones, the useful area. Were evaluated plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of bolls per m², number of bolls per plant, weight of fruits per plant, productivity of seed cotton, productivity of lint and technological characteristics of fiber. The increase in plant population reduces the stem diameter, plant height, leaf area, the number of fruits and weight of fruits per plant, but does not influence the number of bolls per m². The highest yield of seed cotton and fiber of cotton were obtained the populations of 71,471 and 72,964 plants ha-1, respectively. The technological characteristics of fiber, short fiber index, tear strength and spinning index are improved with the cultivation of 125,000 ha-1 plants.

摘要 本研究旨在评估不同种植密度下彩色棉的生长表现、产量及纤维品质。试验采用随机区组设计，其中生长性状采用5×8因子设计，产量构成性状采用单因子设计，共设置4次重复。试验因子包括种植密度（125000、41667、25000、17857及13889株·公顷⁻¹）与生育期调查时段（出苗后15、30、45、60、75、90、105及120天）。本次试验共设置5种种植密度梯度，以每米株数计分别为10、3.3、2、1.42及1.1株。试验小区规格为宽4米、长6米，设置6条种植行，行距0.80米，以中间2行作为有效测定区域。本试验测定的性状包括株高、茎粗、叶面积、每平方米棉铃数、单株棉铃数、单株果重、籽棉产量、皮棉产量及纤维技术特性。种植密度提升会降低单株茎粗、株高、叶面积、单株果数及单株果重，但对每平方米棉铃数无显著影响。最高籽棉产量与皮棉产量分别对应71471株·公顷⁻¹和72964株·公顷⁻¹的种植密度。当种植密度为125000株·公顷⁻¹时，纤维的短纤维指数、撕裂强度及纺纱指数等技术特性均得到优化。