Accountability , Ability and Disability: Gaming the System

The past several years have been marked by a general trend towards increased high-stakes testing for students and schools and test-based school accountability systems. There are many potential school responses to testing programs. This paper investigates the potential that schools respond by gaming

过去数年间，针对学生与学校的高风险测试（high-stakes testing）以及基于测试结果的学校问责体系（test-based school accountability systems）持续强化的整体趋势，成为教育领域的鲜明特征。针对各类测试项目，学校存在诸多潜在应对策略。本文旨在探究学校通过应试操纵（gaming）来做出应对的可能性。